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CPET/ECET 355

CPET/ECET 355. 9. High Speed Access Digital: DSL, Cable Modem, SONET Data Communications and Networking Fall 2004 Professor Paul I-Hai Lin Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne www.ecet.ipfw.edu/~lin.

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CPET/ECET 355

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  1. CPET/ECET 355 9. High Speed Access Digital: DSL, Cable Modem, SONET Data Communications and Networking Fall 2004 Professor Paul I-Hai Lin Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne www.ecet.ipfw.edu/~lin 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  2. High-Speed Access: DSL, Cable Modem and SONET • DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) Technology • ADSL (Asymmetric) • Discrete Multitone Modulation • SDSL (Symmetric) • HDSL (High-bit rate DSL) • Cable Modem • CATV (cable) • HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coax) Network • DOCSIS (Data over Cable System Interface Specification) • SONET • SONET devices • SONET Frame and Rates 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  3. DSL Technology • DSL Categories • ADSL (Asymmetric) • SDSL (Symmetric) • HDSL (High-bit rate DSL) • VDSL (Very-high bit rate DSL) 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  4. DSL Technology • Lowest 4 kHz for voice lines • Twisted-pair local loop – up to 1.1 MHz • Uses Discrete Multi-Tone Modulation (DMT, QAM + FDM) • Upstream speed < Downstream speed • Fast business users - 1.5 Mbps/512kbps • Residential users – 512/64 Kbps • UTP wires – support BW up to 1.1 MHz • Upstream 30 kHz to * • Downstream * to 1.1 MHz Info: http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/adsl.htm 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  5. Discrete Multitone Technique From p. 220, Figure 9.1 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  6. DSL Bandwidth Division From p. 221, Figure 9.2 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  7. Discrete Multitone Technique • DMT – uses QAM and FDM • Divide 1.104 MHz into 256 channels, each 4.312 KHz • Channel 0 – Voice • Channel 1-5 (Band Guard, unused) • Channel 6 to 30 (24) • Upstream data • QAM – 15-bit/baud • Date rate: 24 x 4000 x 15 = 1.44 Mbps • Channel 31 to 255 (225) • Downstream data • Data rate: 225 x 4000 x 15 = 13.4 Mbps • Actual Bit Rate • Upstream: 64Kbps to 1 Mbps • Downstream: 500 Kbps to 8 Mbps 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  8. ADSL Modem From p. 222, Figure 9.3 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  9. DSL Access Multiplexer From p. 222, Figure 9.4 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  10. Other DSL Technologies • SDSL (Symmetric DSL) • Business • HDSL (High-bit-rate DSL) • Alternative to T1 (1.544 Mbps) • 3.6 km • VDSL (very-high-date-rate DSL) • 300 to 1800 m • Downstream: 50 to 55 Mbps • Upstream: 1.5 to 2.5 Mbps 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  11. Cable Modem • Community Antenna TV (CATV) • Hybrid Fiber-Coax Network • Bandwidth • Data rates • Cable Modem • Cable Modem Transmission System • Data Transmission Scheme 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  12. Traditional Cable TV Network From p. 223, Figure 9.5 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  13. Hybrid Fiber-Coax Network • Fiber + Coax • Regional Cable Head (400 K subscribers) • Distribution Hub (40 K subscribers) • Switch • Fiber • Fiber Links • Fiber Nodes • Coaxial Distribution (Drop cable – about 1000 subscribers) • Data Streams • Upstream Fiber • Downstream Fiber 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  14. HFC Network From p. 224, Figure 9.6 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  15. Cable TV Bandwidth Allocation From p. 225, Figure 9.7 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  16. Cable TV Bandwidth Allocation • Data Upstream: • 5 MHz to 42 MHz (6 channels, 6 MHz/channel) • 12 Mbps (2-bit/Hz QPSK x 6MHz) • TDM sharing among neighborhood • Analog TV Bands: 54 MHz to 500 MHz (80 ch x 6 MHz/ch) • Digital video and Data Downstream • 550 MHz to 750 MHz (180 channels) • 64-QAM (6-bit, 5-bit/Hz x 6MHz = 30 Mbps) From p. 225, Figure 9.7 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  17. Cable Modem From p. 227, Figure 9.8 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  18. Cable Modem Transmission System From p. 227, Figure 9.9 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  19. Data Over Cable System Interface Specification (DOCSIS) • The CM checks the downstream channels (sent by the CMTS) • The CMTS allocate up/down BW for the CM • The CM determines the distance between the CM and CMTS – synchronization, minislots (TDM) • The CM asking for Internet addresses • The CM and CMTS establish the security parameters • The CM sends its ID to CMTS • Upstream communication begin 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  20. 3. SONET • Two Standards • ANSI - Synchronous Optical Network • ITU-T standard – Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) • Features • Synchronous network: • A single clock (timing), data frame, multiplexed • Fiber-optics transmission system (FOTS) standard • Physical design – carrying signals from incompatible systems (DS0 and DS-1) • TDM system 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  21. SONET Devices • Synchronous Transport Signal (STS) Multiplexer/Demultiplexer • Regenerator (repeater) • Add/Drop Multiplexers 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  22. A SONET From p. 229, Figure 9.10 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  23. SONET Frame From p. 230, Figure 9.11 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  24. SONET Frame • A frame • Total 810 octets = 9 rows x 90 octets per row • Administrative overhead 27 octets = 3 columns x 9 rows • The first 2 bytes: alignment byes (F628), begin a frame • Synchronous Payload Envelop (SPE) • Transmission overhead • User data 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  25. SONET Rates • STS (Sync. Transport Signals) Levels • STS-1 to STS-192 • Physical link called Optical Carriers (OCs) • STS-1 (OC-1) • 8000 frames/sec • 810 octets per frame • Raw rate = 8000 x 9 x 90 x 8 = 51.84 Mbps • SPE rate = 8000 x 9 x 87 x 8 = 50.12 Mbps • User rate = 8000 x 9 x 86 x 8 = 49.536 Mbps 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  26. Table SONET Rates From p. 231, Table 9.1 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  27. Virtual Tributaries • A particular payload that can be inserted into a frame and combined with other payloads to fill out the frame • VT1.5 accommodates DS-1 (1.544 Mbps) • VT2 – European CPET-1 (2.048 Mbps) • VT3 – DS-1C (3.152 Mbps) • VT6 – DS-2 (6.312 Mbps) 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  28. Virtual Tributaries Types From p. 232, Figure 9.13 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  29. Higher-Rate Services From p. 232, Figure 9.14 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

  30. Summary Questions? 9. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin

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