Presentation Transcript

1. The Age of Exploration

2. The Search for Spices Spices were extremely valuable Cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg and pepper Europeans explore the seas Motives Europeans wanted direct access to the Asian trade market Wanted to bypass the Mediterranean Sea Desire to learn more about the lands outside of Europe Improved Technology Cartographers – more accurate maps Astrolabe - determine latitude at sea Caravel - improved sailing ships
3. The Search for Spices Portugal Sails Eastward Prince Henry or Henry the Navigator Wanted to gain wealth for Portugal and spread Christianity On to India – 10 month voyage Troubles at sea – hunger, thirst and scurvy Trading with India very profitable – took a long time A shortcut was needed
4. The Search for Spices Columbus Sails to the West Italian explorer Wanted Portugal’s support to sail west – shortcut to India Most educated people knew the earth was a sphere, but others feared Columbus would fall of the edge of the earth Columbus made two errors Underestimated the size of the earth Two continents in the way
5. The Search for Spices Voyages of Columbus Portugal refuses to help Columbus Spain provides support 1492 – Nina, Pinta & Santa Maria set sail Columbus explores the Caribbean for several months He thought he had discovered a shortcut to India He actually discovered the Americas In 1507 a German cartographer names these new continents “America” after Amerigo Vespucci
6. Warm Up This is what it’s called when you have a severe vitamin C deficiency. What are some of the symptoms? Name the 3 major advances in technology that allowed explorers to sail more effectively. What was the first country to explore by sailing? Who led the expedition? What was considered very valuable during the age of exploration? How long did it take to sail from Portugal to India? If it took so long why did nations continue to do so? What was Christopher Columbus’ plan for getting to India? How was this different from many other explorers? Who inspired Columbus to explore? Who just won the Nobel Peace Prize?
7. Columbus Reading Get into groups of 4 in order to discuss the Columbus reading. Be prepared to discuss as a class.
8. The Search for Spices Magellan – set sail with 5 ships Sailed to the tip of South America Discovered the Pacific Ocean Pacific means peaceful Wanted to circumnavigate the globe Go all the way around
9. Magellan Reading In Groups of 2 discuss the Magellan reading and answer the questions
10. Warm Up How many voyages did Columbus make to the America’s? What was unique about Columbus’ voyages vs. all the explorers before him? What country turned down Columbus in support? What country supported his expedition? What were Columbus’ two major errors? How did the America’s get their name? What were the names of Columbus’ ships? Who wanted to circumnavigate the globe? What does Pacific Ocean mean? How many branches of government are there? Name them…
11. Asian Trade Portugal and Asian trade Alfonso Albuquerque Fleet commander Albuquerque crushed most fleets at seas He conquered many African coastal cities These cities became outposts to supply his ships
12. Asian Trade Portugal controlled the spice trade with Asia for most of the 1500’s 1521 – Spain seizes the Philippines Wanted to spread Christianity Helped create a link for Spain’s overseas trading empire
13. Portugal’s Empire
14. Asian Trade The Dutch First to challenge the Portuguese at sea Also used military force to express their dominance Controlled the spice trade with Asia for most of the 1600’s English and French Controlled the seas in the 1700’s
15. The America’s Spanish Conquistadors Means conquerors Led by Hernan Cortes Conquered large portions of south and north America Brought disease with them Native Americans had no immunity Malinche Young Indian woman who helped translate for Cortes She helped Cortes form alliances with South American tribes These tribes, with Cortes, fought the Aztecs
16. Warm Up In 1521 Spain took this country over… Who was the leader of the Portuguese fleets in the 1500’s? Who dominated the seas in the 1500’s, 1600’s and 1700’s? What did Albuquerque do to make the long voyage from Portugal to India easier? Who was Malinche? Who was Hernan Cortes? What does Conquistador mean? What country just had a series of coordinated bombings and shootings take place claiming the lives of 39 people?
17. Spaniards vs. Aztecs Aztec leader – Moctezuma Welcomed Cortes Thought he may be the God-King Quetzalcoatl The Aztecs grew tired of the Spaniards and drove them from the city Moctezuma was killed during this battle Cortes counter attacks and takes the city of Tenochtitlan Spain then builds the city known as Mexico City
18. Spain’s Empire
19. Reasons for Spanish Victory Superior military technology Division of South and North American tribes Disease Many Native Americans believed it was the end of the world
20. Spain’s Empire
21. Spanish Colonies in the Americas Spain divided their territories into 5 different areas Viceroys were appointed to oversee each area The Catholic Church Strove to convert all Native Americans The church was very powerful in the Americas Built missions
22. Spanish Colonies in the Americas The Economy Spanish colonists could only trade with Spain Silver Gold Sugar Encomienda System Native Americans were forced to work for the Spanish Workers from Africa brought to the Americas Due to shortage of workers They were also immune to tropical diseases and were skilled workers
23. Warm Up What is the Encomienda system? Why did the Spanish bring in slaves from Africa? What were the 4 reasons the Spanish defeated the Aztecs? Who was the leader of the Aztecs during this time period? What was the name of the Aztec God-King? What is the modern name for the city of Tenochtitlan? The Dow Jones (stock market) dropped below this number for the first time since 2004.
24. Spanish Colonies in the Americas Portugal creates colonies in Brazil Spain becomes the most powerful nation in Europe Many resent their power Dutch French English Pirates prayed on the Spanish ships Francis Drake Knighted by Queen Elizabeth for his pirating and seizure of port cities
25. Struggles in North America The French New France (Canada) Wanted to spread Christianity Trade Fur Accepted and adapted to Native American way of life The English Jamestown 1607 – First successful English colony Exported tobacco 1620 - Pilgrims sought religious freedom
26. Struggles in North America 13 colonies develop Needed workers to work the land Brought slaves from Africa British/French Rivalry Clashed in Europe and in North America French and Indian War Also known as the Seven Years’ War British win with the signing of the Treaty of Paris
27. Struggles in North America Impact on Native Americans War and Disease Decimated 90% of the population Move West Native Americans were forced to the Pacific Ocean and then onto Reservations
28. Warm Up War and disease decimated what percentage of the Native American population? How many colonies did the English establish during the early days of the United States? What products did the Spanish trade to make a profit in the new world? The French? The English? What is another name for the French and Indian War? Who was fighting? What is the Encomienda system? Why did the Spanish bring in slaves from Africa? What were the 4 reasons the Spanish defeated the Aztecs? Who was the leader of the Aztecs during this time period? What was the name of the Aztec God-King? What is the modern name for the city of Tenochtitlan?
29. Triangular Slave Trade Begins in the 1500’s Huge Profitable business Triangular Trade Europe to Africa – goods Africa to North America – Slaves North America to Europe – Tobacco and other goods Slaves were shipped in horrible conditions 50% casualty rate
30. Triangular Slave Trade Impact 80,000 slaves shipped to the America’s per year by the 1780’s Some African tribes were so depleted they ceased to exist Other nations in Africa depended on the Slave trade They fought wars in order to capture slaves to sell
31. Battles for Power in South Africa Dutch settle in South Africa Cape Town Shaka Zulu Defeated or united tribes around Africa and created a Zulu kingdom Ruthless war leader Faced his demise when he faced the well armed Dutch and British of South Africa
32. Changes in Europe New Foods available Tomatoes, pumpkins, peppers, corn, potatoes New foods led to population growth Commercial Revolution Inflation was hurting Europe’s economy Push for capitalism Mercantilism A successful nation must export more goods than they import
33. Changes in Europe Colonies were expected to trade only with Europe Strict laws were passed to make sure the colonies only supported their parent countries Europe’s wealth grows Colonies become angry with Europe