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Adjectives and Adverbs

Adjectives and Adverbs. Lecture 6. 形容词. 形容词有比较级和最高级，如 big, bigger, biggest. 核心形容词可用作定语和表语 形容词做定语修饰名词，构成名词词组的一部分，位于中心名词之前。 Scientific examination, chemical analysis. 用作表语的形容词说明名词词组的特征，可位于系动词后面来说明主语。 That’ll be quite impressive. 也可用来说明宾语 : Even Oscar Wilde called it charming.

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Adjectives and Adverbs

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  1. Adjectives and Adverbs Lecture 6

  2. 形容词 • 形容词有比较级和最高级，如big, bigger, biggest. • 核心形容词可用作定语和表语 • 形容词做定语修饰名词，构成名词词组的一部分，位于中心名词之前。 • Scientific examination, chemical analysis

  3. 用作表语的形容词说明名词词组的特征，可位于系动词后面来说明主语。用作表语的形容词说明名词词组的特征，可位于系动词后面来说明主语。 • That’ll be quite impressive. • 也可用来说明宾语: • Even Oscar Wilde called it charming.

  4. 有些形容词只能用作定语或者表语。 • Unable只用作表语；mere只用作定语 • The student was totally unable to answer them. • He had lost his reputation as a strong man, having been defeated twice by a mere boy.

  5. able, aloof, aware 等形容词通常用作表语: • Clients will be able to trade electronically. • In some ways, you are aloof too. • Charlton is aware of the problem.

  6. 以前缀a-开头的形容词大多用作表语: • Abed, ablaze, afraid, abreast, aghast（吓呆的）, aglow（发亮地）, alike, alive, alone, askew（斜，歪）, asleep, aware

  7. 其他形容词: • Glad, easier, ill, impossible, ready, sure • 以后缀–al结尾的形容词通常用作定语： • chemical, industrial, general, local, national, social

  8. 形容词后置 • 形容词位于中心词之后 • No one, anything, somebody • It’s a shame if you haven’t got anyone musical here. • Something cold and refreshing • I think they are doing everything possible to protect the workers. • He said the only details available had come from Mr Garrod’s family.

  9. 固定词组 • Attorney general, heir apparent（当然继承人）, notary public • 形容词词组如果很长通常位于中心名词之后： • It’s a lounge（起居室） not much bigger than the one we’ve got now.

  10. “The+形容词” • But the unlikely can happen. • These people may be the poor, the elderly, the young, the unemployed, or the transient（过客）.

  11. 具有连接功能的形容词： • Worse he had nothing to say. • Still more important, weshould pay attention to this.

  12. 状语 • Too tired to move, she stayed there. • Green, bronze and golden, it flowed through weeds and rushes（灯芯草属植物）.

  13. 分级 • 可分级的形容词有比较级和最高级 • 不可分级的形容词通常由强调副词来修饰。 • Quite motionless, really tremendous, absolutely continuous

  14. 不可分级的形容词有： • Dental, countless, fateful, jobless, rightful, simultaneous, stainless, total, virtual

  15. 一些单音节形容词也可用more, most来表示比较级和最高级。 • Wouldn’t that be more fair? • I think this is the one she is most proud of.

  16. 复合形容词 • Adverb + adjective • Already-tight, critically-ill, fiercely-competitive, environmentally-progressive,highly-respectable, highly-sensitive • Adverb + ed- participles • Extensively-researched, ill-suited, strictly-controlled, so-called, well-organized, neatly-shaved

  17. Adverb + ing- participle • Constantly-changing, equally-damaging, rapidly-growing, slowly-sinking, early-maturing • 重叠式 • Curly-whirly, goody-goody • Adjective + color adjective • dark-blue, light-blue, gray-white

  18. Adjective + other adjective • Infinite-dimensional • Adjective + ed-participle • Clean-shaven, white-washed • Adjective + ing- participle • funny-looking, lovely-sounding, sickly-smelling

  19. Noun + adjective • Age-old, battle-weary, grease-free, life-long, sea-blue, smoke-free • Noun + ed- participle • Content-based, health-related, home-made • Noun + ing-participle • Eye-catching, peace-keeping • Adjective + noun • Full-time, general-purpose, hi-tech, large-scale, fast-food, double-digit, late-night, long-term, white-collar

  20. Participle + adverbial particle • Blown-out, left-over, paid-up

  21. 比较级重复 • His own need for food grew slighter and slighter. • Her visits to the country to see her son became rarer and rarer. • Eventually it’ll get more and more computer wise.

  22. good and, nice and • We’ll end this conversation when I’m good and ready. • I’m good and sick of it. • Good for your teeth. Makes your teeth nice and strong. • But • There are many good and prosperous people here.

  23. 副词 • 修饰形容词 • almost positive, really important • 修饰其他副词 • First, health service managers must be able to price their services reasonably accurately for trading purposes.

  24. 用作状语 • I think she’ll be married shortly. • Surprisingly, the choked voice resumes.

  25. Simple adverbs • Well, rather, quite, soon, today, already, indeed • Compound adverbs • Anyway, hereby • Adverbs derived by suffixation: -ly • Geographically, reasonably, readily

  26. 评论附加语（comment adjunct） • （1）I tell you frankly that Kris didn’t want to know. • （2）I presume that Alison has bought a new car. • （3）Frankly, Kris didn’t want to know. • （4）Presumably, Alison has bought a new car. Company Logo

  27. 在Halliday（1994）看来，评论附加语表示说话人对整个命题的态度，并认为评论附加语表示观点、承认、劝说、恳求、推测、合意、保留、证实、评价、预测等语义。Halliday （2004:129-131）进一步扩展了评论附加语的范围，把评论附加语分为两种，一种是对命题的评论，另一种是对言语功能的评论。 Company Logo

  28. 评论附加语位于句首。 • Sadly, the storm destroyed the entire tobacco crop. • 说话人也可使用评论附加语对主语进行评论，如： • The doctor, unfortunately, hasn’t left an address. Company Logo

  29. Frankly, were you surprised at the outcome? • Were you surprised at the outcome, frankly? Company Logo

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