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THE JAPANESE EMPIRE

THE JAPANESE EMPIRE. COMMODORE PERRY AND THE BLACK SHIPS. US sends Commodore Matthew Perry and a small fleet to open Japan to trade and diplomatic relations In 1854. Creates tumultuous period of change in Japanese society. MEIJI RESTORATION - 1868.

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THE JAPANESE EMPIRE

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  1. THE JAPANESE EMPIRE

  2. COMMODORE PERRY AND THE BLACK SHIPS • US sends Commodore Matthew Perry and a small fleet to open Japan to trade and diplomatic relations • In 1854. • Creates tumultuous period of change in Japanese society

  3. MEIJI RESTORATION - 1868 • Young emperor takes over; ends era of shoguns • Embarks on rapid modernization of all facets of Japanese life.

  4. JAPAN’S MODELS FOR MODERNIZATION • Emissaries sent out to West to find best ways to do things: • Britain: navy • U.S.: factories and technology, education • Germany: government

  5. RAPID MODERNIZATION

  6. Looking for influence in China

  7. SINO-JAPANESE WAR - 1895 • Japan decisively defeats China; gains concessions in Manchuria

  8. RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR - 1905 • Japan and Russia in conflict over influence in Korea and Manchuria. Japan claims Korea.

  9. RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR • Japan launches a surprise attack on a Russian concession in Manchuria

  10. Battle of Tsushima Strait • Japanese fleet destroys Russian Pacific fleet in two hours.

  11. JAPAN AND KOREA & TAIWAN • Japan makes Korea and Taiwan full colonies of its empire.

  12. TREATY OF PORTSMOUTH • US President Theodore Roosevelt mediates.

  13. 1920s RISE OF MILITARISM • Japan feels cheated after World War I. • New emperor – Hirohito • Rise of fanatic nationalists and military societies

  14. EMPEROR HIROHITO • Fanatical loyalty to emperor

  15. AGGRESSION STEP 1 – MANCHURIA 1931

  16. STEP 2 – INVASION OF CHINA 1937 • Japan invades China; begins conquest • Greatly angers US. • First step toward World War II in Asia.

  17. JAPANESE ATROCITIES • RAPE OF NANJING

  18. GREATER EAST ASIA CO-PROSPERITY SPHERE

  19. JAPAN AS AN AXIS POWER • Joins Germany and Italy in 1938

  20. JAPANESE ATROCITIES – UNIT 731

  21. UNIT 731 • Cruel and barbaric medical experiments on Chinese prisoners and peasants • Developed germ warfare weapons • Doctors never punished

  22. LEADERS – TOJO and YAMAMOTO

  23. WHY THE ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR?

  24. JAPANESE VICTORIES - 1942 • Surprise attack worked against Russia in 1905. • Japan needed to neutralize American fleet in order to take over Southeast Asia with its resources. • Philippines, Indochina, Indonesia, Malaya all fall. • Singapore is worst defeat ever suffered by British Army. 150,000 prisoners taken by Japanese.

  25. TURNING POINT – BATTLE OF MIDWAY

  26. AMERICAN BOMBING • All but four major Japanese cities bombed, incl. Tokyo. Many are fire-bombed, many civilians killed. • Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki finally forces unconditional surrender of Japan • Reluctance to surrender unconditionally for fear of losing emperor, also loyalty and honor.

  27. EFFECT ON JAPAN’S PSYHOLOGY

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