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Bell Ringer

Bell Ringer. Unit 1 Review. Scientific Method. Scientific Method. Hypothesis: prediction of outcome of the experiment; if, then statement Experiment: controlled test of a hypothesis Theory: a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations

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Bell Ringer

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  1. Bell Ringer

  2. Unit 1 Review

  3. Scientific Method

  4. Scientific Method • Hypothesis: prediction of outcome of the experiment; if, then statement • Experiment: controlled test of a hypothesis • Theory: a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations • Difference between hypothesis & theory: hypothesis has not been tested; theory has been tested many times and lots of data support the conclusion • After an experiment: publish results to be retested

  5. Hypothesis  Theory  Law

  6. Independent = you CHANGE it; the “cause” in the experiment; the “IF” statement of the hypothesis • Dependent = you MEASURE it; the “effect” in the experiment; the “THEN” statement of the hypothesis • Constant = something that is NOT changed

  7. Experimental Group • The Independent variable is CHANGED • The “test” group Control Group • The Independent variable is NOT changed • Used for comparison of results

  8. Redi#1 Needham #2

  9. Spallanzani#3 Pasteur #4

  10. Spontaneous Generation Experiments • Spontaneous Generation experiments proved that Life (living things) came from Life (other living things). • Which one had an error in the scientific design? Needham; did not boil long enough to kill all of the microorganisms so they reproduced & the broth became cloudy • Which one disproved spontaneous generation for larger organisms? Redi (flies did NOT come from meat) • Which one completely disproved spontaneous generation? Pasteur (used S-shaped flasks to trap dust/microorganisms so broth stayed clear)

  11. Muscle Tissue • Examples: Skeletal, Smooth, & Cardiac muscle • Movement = expand/contract

  12. Connective Tissue • Examples: bone, blood, cartilage, fat, tendons • insulation, cushioning, attachment, & support

  13. Nervous Tissue • Examples: ganglia, motor neurons & sensory neurons • Sensation, communication, & response

  14. Epithelial Tissue • Examples: skin, linings of internal organs • Coverings & linings; protection

  15. Integumentary System Organs/Structures: • Skin • Hair • Nails Functions: • Protection • Maintains body temperature

  16. Muscular System Organs: • Smooth Muscles • Cardiac Muscles • Skeletal Muscles • Tendons Functions: • Movement • Support • Structure

  17. Skeletal System Organs: • Bones • Cartilage • Ligaments • Joints Functions: • Framework (support/structure) • Blood cell formation • Mineral storage • Movement

  18. Cardiovascular System Organs: • Heart • Arteries (from heart) • Veins (to heart) Functions: • Transports nutrients & wastes throughout the body • Transports O2 from the lungs & CO2 to the lungs

  19. Respiratory System Organs/Structures: • Lungs • Diaphragm • Pharynx • Larynx • Trachea Functions: • Exchange Oxygen for Carbon Dioxide from the lungs to the bloodstream • CO2 out & O2 in

  20. Nervous System Organs: • Central Nervous System (CNS) • Brain • Spinal Cord • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) • Motor Nerves • Sensory Nerves Functions: • Communication • Coordination • Sensation • Response

  21. Digestive System Organs/Structures: • Esophagus • Stomach • Spleen • Liver • Gall Bladder • Small & Large Intestines • Rectum Functions: • Digest (break down) food • Absorb nutrients • Eliminate solid waste

  22. Urinary/Excretory System Organs/Structures: • Kidneys • Ureters • Urinary Bladder Functions: • Remove waste/toxins from bloodstream • Maintain water/chemical balance (HOMEOSTASIS)

  23. Lymphatic System Organs/Structures: • Lymph Nodes • Lymph (fluid) • Lymphatic vessels • Spleen • Thymus gland Functions: • Returns fluid to the cardiovascular system • Immune system that fights bacteria/viruses

  24. Endocrine System Organs/Structures: Glands • Thymus • Pituitary • Thyroid • Parathyroid • Adrenals • Pancreas • Ovaries • Testes Functions: • Hormone Production • Homeostasis • Metabolism

  25. Reproductive System Organs/Structures: • Female • Ovaries • Uterus • Vagina • Male • Penis • Testes • Prostate gland Functions: • Produce gametes & offspring • Female: produce eggs (ovum) & protect/nurture offspring during development • Male: produce sperm

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