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Missouri Compromise (1819)

Missouri Compromise (1819). Missouri asked to join as a slave state (11 free/11 slave states at the time) Missouri would enter as a slave state, Maine would enter as a free state Imaginary line drawn across southern border of Missouri Slavery allowed south of the line, banned north of the line.

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Missouri Compromise (1819)

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  1. Missouri Compromise (1819) • Missouri asked to join as a slave state (11 free/11 slave states at the time) • Missouri would enter as a slave state, Maine would enter as a free state • Imaginary line drawn across southern border of Missouri • Slavery allowed south of the line, banned north of the line

  2. Compromise of 1850 • 1849-California wanted to enter the Union (15 slave/15 free states at the time) • 5 parts • California entered as a free state • Mexican Cession divided into New Mexico and Utah-voters would decide on slavery • Ended slave trade in Washington D.C.

  3. Compromise of 1850 • Fugitive Slave Law: • Required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves. • Anyone who helped a fugitive slave could be fined or imprisoned.

  4. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) • Nebraska divided into Kansas and Nebraska • Settlers would decide on slavery • Undid the Missouri Compromise • Settlers started moving to Nebraska and Kansas • (p. 444)

  5. Frederick Douglass 1. Born a slave, taught myself to read and write. 2. I escaped in 1838. 3. I am a member of the Massachusetts Antislavery Society and have traveled to speak to abolitionist meetings. I have also been the editor of an antislavery newspaper called the “North Star.” I returned to the U.S. because I believe slavery must be fought at it’s source.

  6. Frederick Douglass 5. “your celebration is a sham…your national greatness, swelling vanity; your sounds of rejoicing are empty and heartless…your shouts of liberty and equality, hollow mockery.”

  7. Dred Scott Case • When his owner died, filed a lawsuit that claimed since he had lived in a free territory, he was a free man. • Supreme Court ruled that Scott could not file a lawsuit because he was not a citizen. • Stated that slaves were property. • Ruled that Congress did not have the power to outlaw slavery in any territory.

  8. John Brown • Murdered 5 proslavery settlers in Kansas • Harpers Ferry-took over a federal arsenal, hoped for a slave uprising. Became a martyr for abolitionists.

  9. Election of 1860 Views on Slavery • Lincoln-against slavery morally, against having slavery in the territories, did not want to interfere with slavery in the slave states. • Douglas-let people in the territories decide.

  10. Election of 1860 • Republicans nominated Lincoln • Democrats split the nomination-Douglas (Northern Democrats), Breckinridge (Southern Democrats). • Lincoln won, even though his name was not on the ballot in 10 states.

  11. Electoral Results for the Election of 1860 Lincoln 180, Breck. 72, Bell 39, Doug. 12 (needed 152) Popular vote: Lincoln 1,866,452 Breck 847953 Bell 592, 906 Douglas 1, 382, 713 This means 2,823,572 did NOT vote for Lincoln!

  12. Secession • First state to secede was South Carolina, followed by Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas.

  13. The Civil War • More than 3 million Americans fought in it, over 600,000 men died • 185,000 African Americans fought in it for the Union (Glory) • Four of Lincoln’s brothers-in-law fought on the Confederate side

  14. American War Casualties

  15. The First “Modern” War • Why? New technology, such as trains, telegraph, ironclads, grenades, and long range rifles.

  16. Was this a war to end slavery? • Lincoln-”My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or destroy slavery.”

  17. These Happened First During the Civil War • The Bugle Call “Taps” • U.S. Secret Service • Income tax • Draft • Baseball became a popular sport • The term “sideburns,” after General Burnsides

  18. Population

  19. Union, USA, Federals 23 states 92% of nation’s industries 75% of railroads 75% of nation’s wealth Confederacy, Confederate States of America (CSA) 11 states Mainly farmland Most wealth in land and slaves North South

  20. Abraham Lincoln President Poor generals Strategy-Naval Blockade, split South in two and capture Richmond Washington D.C. capital Jefferson Davis President Great generals Strategy-Fight a defensive war until the North tires of fighting Capture Washington D.C. Richmond, VA capital North South

  21. Large navy Cause for fighting-Keep the country together Nicknames-Feds, Yanks, Billy Yanks, Yankees No navy at start of war Cause for fighting-Gain independence, save the southern way of life (slavery) Nicknames-Rebels, Rebs, Confederates, Graybacks, Butternuts North South

  22. Fighting to protect their homes Home-field advantage North South

  23. People of the Civil War

  24. Abraham Lincoln President of the United States

  25. Jefferson Davis President of the Confederate States of America (CSA)

  26. Robert E. Lee Commander of Confederate Forces

  27. Ulysses S. Grant Union commander at the end of the Civil War.

  28. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson Lee’s most valuable General. Never lost a battle to the North.

  29. 1861-62 The First Year of the War

  30. Fort Sumter • Charleston, SC • April 10-13, 1861 • This began the war

  31. Bull Run (Manassas) • 30 miles from Washington, D.C. • July 21, 1861 • First major battle of Civil War • “Stonewall Jackson” earned his nickname.

  32. Bull Run (Manassas) • Fought in Wilmer McLean’s front yard

  33. Monitor vs. Merrimac March 8-9, 1862 • Monitor (Union) • First battle between ironclad ships • Wooden ships are obsolete

  34. Antietam (Sharpsburg) • September 17, 1862 • convinced British and French not to ally with Confederates • Bloodiest single day of the war Union- 12,401 dead, wounded, or missing • Confederates-10,318

  35. Things That Happened Other Than Battles In 1861-62

  36. McClellan named Union commander.....then replaced by Burnside.....then replaced by Hooker

  37. 1863-64

  38. Chancellorsville • April 30-May 6, 1863 • Stonewall Jackson shot and killed by his own men • Lee “He has lost his left arm, but I have lost my right.”

  39. Gettysburg • July 1-3, 1863 • Pennsylvania • bloodiest battle of the war-51,000 men dead (23,000 U, 28,000 C) • turning point of the war

  40. President Lincoln Issues the “Emancipation Proclamation” • Freed slaves in the Confederate states but not the border states. • January 1, 1863

  41. Light Blue=Border States (Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, West Virginia, Missouri

  42. Lincoln delivers “Gettysburg Address” • Dedicating a military cemetery in honor of those who died there • November 19, 1863 • followed Edward Everett-a famous and eloquent speaker who spoke for around 2 hours • Lincoln’s speech lasted around 2-3 minutes (272 words)

  43. Gettysburg Address • Newspapers ridiculed it for being so short and simple • Today is considered one of the greatest speeches ever

  44. “Anything more dull and commonplace would not be easy to produce.” -Times of London

  45. “The cheek of every American must tingle with shame as he reads the silly, flat, dishwatery utterances of the man who has to be pointed out to intelligent foreigners as the President of the United States” -Chicago Times

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