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Topic: Genetics

Topic: Genetics. Aim : What is DNA? Do Now : Make a K-W-L chart regarding DNA. Fill in the K (what you know) and W (what you want to know) columns. What is DNA?. D eoxyribo n ucleic a cid Makes up genes Stores and passes on genetic information from one generation to the next

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Topic: Genetics

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  1. Topic: Genetics Aim: What is DNA? Do Now: Make a K-W-L chart regarding DNA. Fill in the K (what you know) and W (what you want to know) columns.

  2. What is DNA? • Deoxyribonucleic acid • Makes up genes • Stores and passes on genetic information from one generation to the next • Discovered by James Watson & Francis Crick in 1962 (Nobel Prize)

  3. What does DNA look like? • A “spiral staircase” called a double helix • Double helix (2 strands)

  4. Nucleotide Structure of DNAWhat is a nucleotide? • Building block of DNA • Contains a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base • Two chains of these make up a DNA molecule

  5. DNA Molecule

  6. What are nitrogen bases? • Represent the “steps” • Four different nitrogen bases in DNA • Adenine (A) – Thymine (T) • Guanine (G) – Cytosine (C) • Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T) • Guanine (G) always pairs with Cytosine (C) • Example: A ------- T G ------- C T ------- A C ------- G

  7. Draw the complimentary strand of DNA.

  8. Topic: Genetics Aim: How does DNA replicate? Do Now: A strand of DNA has the bases ATTGCCTAATGCGTA. What would be the sequence of the matching strand of DNA?

  9. Topic: Genetics Aim: How does DNA replicate? Do Now: Draw and label a nucleotide.

  10. 3. 2. How does DNA replicate? • Two strand of DNA • DNA unzips • Free nucleotides match up with the strands • Each new DNA has 1 old strand and 1 new strand 1

  11. DNA Replication

  12. Topic: Genetics Aim: How is DNA organized? Do Now: Explain how DNA is replicated.

  13. What is a chromosome? • Made of DNA • Chromosomes are made of many genes joined together like beads on a string • Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in each body cell with more than 60,000 genes

  14. What determines which genes are on a chromosome? • DNA ladder may contain thousands of rungs and nitrogen bases • The order of nitrogen bases determines the particular gene on the chromosome • The “genetic code” – order of nitrogen bases on the DNA molecule • The genetic code (order of nitrogen bases) tells the cell what proteins to make

  15. Topic: Genetics Aim: What is RNA? Do Now: Draw a nucleotide and label all parts? How does a nucleotide relate to DNA?

  16. Amino Acids What is protein synthesis? • The cell uses information from a gene on a chromosome to make a specific protein • Proteins are made of chains of amino acids • Proteins are made in the ribosomes found in cytoplasm • Codes for making protein are carried from the nucleus to the ribosomes by RNA

  17. What is RNA? • RNA – Ribonucleic acid • Only one strand • Sugar in RNA = ribose • Sugar in DNA = deoxyribose • No thymine (T) in RNA, instead it has URACIL (U) example: AGTGCTAAT = DNA strand UCACGAUUA = complimentary RNA strand

  18. What are the types of RNA? • Messenger RNA (mRNA): copies code from DNA and brings it out to the ribosome in the cytoplasm • Transfer RNA (tRNA): carries amino acids (building blocks of proteins) and adds them to the new growing protein • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): make up ribosomes

  19. Protein Synthesis

  20. Protein Synthesis in Motion http://www.columbia.edu/cu/biology/courses/c2005/images/animtransln.gif

  21. What is the name of structure #1? What is the name of structure #2? What is the name of structure #3? Structures 1, 2, & 3 make up what larger structure? A strand of DNA has the bases GTAATG. What would be the sequence of the complimentary strand of DNA? BONUS: What is the shape of DNA? Quiz A – DNA 1 3 2

  22. What is the name of structure #1? What is the name of structure #2? What is the name of structure #3? Structures 1, 2, & 3 make up what larger structure? A strand of DNA has the bases GTAATG. What would be the sequence of the complimentary strand of DNA? BONUS: What is the shape of DNA? Quiz B – DNA 1 3 2

  23. What is the name of structure #1? What is the name of structure #2? What is the name of structure #3? Structures 1, 2, & 3 make up what larger structure? A strand of DNA has the bases GTAATG. What would be the sequence of the complimentary strand of DNA? BONUS: What is the shape of DNA? Quiz C – DNA 1 3 2

  24. What is the name of structure #1? What is the name of structure #2? What is the name of structure #3? Structures 1, 2, & 3 make up what larger structure? A strand of DNA has the bases GTAATG. What would be the sequence of the complimentary strand of DNA? BONUS: What is the shape of DNA? Quiz D – DNA 1 3 2

  25. 1-4. Draw and label a nucleotide. 5. How does a nucleotide relate to a DNA molecule? What is the shape of DNA? 7-8. What makes up the backbone (sides) of a DNA molecule? A strand of DNA has the bases GTAATG. What would be the sequence of the complimentary strand of DNA? In RNA, Adenine pairs with what nitrogen base? Quiz 7A – DNA

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