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TOPIC : Genetics AIM : What is DNA & RNA?. TOPIC: Genetics AIM : How does DNA store genetic information? DO NOW : 1. Parents : Hybrid blood type A x pure blood type A What are the chances of having a child with blood type O?. AO x AA. A O.
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TOPIC:Genetics AIM: How does DNA store genetic information? DO NOW: 1. Parents: Hybrid blood type A x pure blood type A What are the chances of having a child with blood type O?
AO x AA A O • 0% CHANCE OF HAVING A CHILD WITH BLOOD TYPE O A A
2. Cross a female with pure blood type A and a male with heterozygous B blood type. AA x BO
AA x BO B O A A B A O 50% blood type AB A 50% blood type A A B A O
Chromosomes & Genes… • Humans are 99.9% genetically identical – only 0.1% of our genetic make-up differs. • All of your genetic information that’s contained inside the microscopic nucleus of a cell is so tiny that it could easily fit on the head of a pin! • If all 46 chromosomes from one cell were combined and arranged lengthwise, the total length would be 1.8 meters. • Humans have approximately 30,000 different genes spread out over the 46. • Our genes are remarkably similar to those of other life forms. For example, we share 98% of our genes with chimpanzees, 90% with mice, 85% with zebra fish, 21% with worms, and 7% with a simple bacterium such as E. coli.
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid Makes up genes
Function of DNA Stores & passes on genetic info : DNA Codes for specific proteins to be made in the cells.
Shape of DNA Double Helix 2 strands, spiral staircase
Who discovered DNA? Rosalind Franklin (double helix)
James Watson & Francis Crick • (1950’s - Nobel Prize for creating model)
Nucleotide Building block of DNA
3 parts: 1. sugar 2. Phosphate group sugar phosphate
3. Nitrogen base: adenine, thymine, guanine, or cytosine - A, T, C, G sugar phosphate Nitrogen base
DNA = 2 strands of nucleotides twisted around each other A T T A C G G C
Nitrogen Bases Pair up = A-T, G-C Each strand is complimentary (match up)
Base pairing: A T T A C G G C
If you stretched out the strands of DNA from a single human cell end to end, it would measure about 6 feet long but it would be so incredibly thin, 50 trillionths of an inch wide, that you wouldn’t be able to see it. The DNA in a newborn baby would reach from the sun to the planet Pluto and back 15 times if it was completely stretched out.
DNA Replication How a copy of the DNA is made
Steps: 1. DNA unzips (strands separate) between the nitrogen bases at the hydrogen bonds.
Review: 1. Write the complimentary DNA strand that would be attached to the one below: A T C G G A T G T 2. What is the first step of DNA replication? 3. What is DNA made of? 4. Where is DNA found? 5. Explain the shape of DNA.