Alexander’s Empire

1. Alexander’s Empire Chapter 5 Section 4

2. Do Now: Map Quiz • Obj: • Describe Phillip’s Conquest of Greece • Explain Alexander’s defeat of the Persians • Explain Alexander’s effect on future cultures • HW: Active Read 5.5 • Main Ideas #3-5 & Critical Thinking # 6

3. Vocab • Phillip II • Macedonia • Alexander the Great • Darius III

4. Effects of Peloponnesian War • Many city-states were severely weakened after war • Rapid decline of military and economic power • King Phillip II of Macedonia takes notice • Has dream of taking control of all of Greece and eventually Persia

6. Macedonia • Northern Greece; lived in mountain villages more than city-state • Consider themselves to be Greek, • However the Greeks looked down upon them as uncivilized • Lack of great philosophers, sculptures, and writers

7. Phillip II Builds his Army • Phillip becomes king in 359 B.C.E. at 23 yrs old • Transforms his villagers into lethal professional army • Phillip uses a 16x16 man phalanx, all armed with an 18ft spear • Uses the phalanx to break enemy lines and then sends in swift cavalry to crush disorganized opponent

8. Phillip Conquers Greece • Greek city-states failed to unite against Phillip • Eventually Thebes and Athens unite against Phillip; but it was too late • Macedonian army had become too powerful and easily defeated the city states • Greece now under the rule of a “foreigner”

9. Phillips Rule and the Rise of Alexander • King Phillip planned on attacking Persia next • At his daughters wedding he was stabbed to death • Never got a chance to see the Persian War • Phillips son Alexander takes the throne • Alexander immediately takes control of the Macedonian kingdom and vows to attack Persia like his father had planned

10. Alexander the Great • 20 yrs old when he came to power • Taught by Aristotle; learned science, geo, and literature • Kept a copy of Iliad under his pillow to inspire himself • To prove his strength crushed Thebes during a revolt

11. Persian Conquest • Battle of Granicus • 35,000 Macedonians Vs. 40,000 Persians • Alexander smashes through enemy lines • Victory! • Battle of Issus • King Darius III raises an army of 75,000 men • Alexander outnumbered charges through weak spot • Forces Darius III to flee • Alexander takes control of Anatolia

12. Darius on the Retreat • After the loss at Issus Darius III tried to negotiate with Alexander • Offered him all the land west of the Euphrates River • Advised to take the deal- Persian resistance swelled Alexander’s ambition • Refused the offer and vowed to conquer the whole empire

13. Alexander in Egypt • Alexander marches to Egypt in 332 B.C.E. • He is met as a liberator • The Egyptians make him a pharaoh! • He builds the city of Alexandria at the mouth of the river Nile • What’s next……?

14. Alexander Conquers Persia • Alexander heads east to Mesopotamia • Battle to Gaugamela: • Darius assembles an army of 250,000 men • Once again the power of the phalanx and Alexander’s cavalry were too much for Persian battle lines • Darius flees again; and Persian control ends • Soon Alexander controls: • Babylon, Susa, and Persian capital Persepolis • Alexander burns Persepolis to the ground

15. Alexander’s Plan • After returning to Babylon after 11 years and 11,000 miles Alexander makes plans to organize the empire • He wants to: • Build roads • Construct new cities • Construct new harbors • Invade Arabia • However; he become very sick with a fever and dies a few days later- 323 B.C.E.

16. Alexander’s Empire Divided • After his death the Empire was divided by 3 powerful rulers • 1) Antigonus- Macedonia (Greek city states) • 2) Ptolemy – Egypt • 3) Seleucus – Persian Empire

17. Alexander’s Legacy: • (You Fill in the Blank)