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PESTICIDE APPLICATION IN THE GREENHOUSE

PESTICIDE APPLICATION IN THE GREENHOUSE. Punya Nachappa GREENHOUSE MANAGEMENT HORT 6050. INTRODUCTION. A greenhouse is a unique environment for the development of pests. Greenhouses are warm, humid environments, ideally suited for pest development.

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PESTICIDE APPLICATION IN THE GREENHOUSE

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  1. PESTICIDE APPLICATION IN THE GREENHOUSE Punya Nachappa GREENHOUSE MANAGEMENT HORT 6050

  2. INTRODUCTION • A greenhouse is a unique environment for the development of pests. • Greenhouses are warm, humid environments, ideally suited for pest development. • Pest population explosion due to absence of natural enemy complex.

  3. ARTHROPOD PESTS OF GREENHOUSE • Whiteflies • Aphids • Fungus gnats • Leaf miners • Mealybugs • Caterpillars • Scale insects • Thrips • Mites • Slugs and snails

  4. PESTICIDES • Pesticides are substances that can kill, repel,or suppress the growth of living organisms. • Different types of application methods

  5. CLASSIFICATION I. Based on their use, relative to crop. • Pre-plant: Applications before crop planting. • Pre-emergence: Application of a pesticide where a crop is present but not emerged from soil. • Post-emergence: Application after a crop is emerged. • Seed Dressing: Coating of pesticide onto the seed.

  6. II. Based on application method • Band sprayed: Straddling the row. • Directed: Towards target but avoiding the crop. • Spot application: To individuals, small patches or clumps of plants. • Chemigation: Injected into irrigation water.

  7. SELECTION OF APPLICATION EQUIPMENT • Pest status • Pesticide formulations • Capacity of equipments • Operator safety features • Ease of operation, Calibration maintenance • Type and stage of crops grown

  8. EFFECT OF APPLICATION FACTORS ONBIOLOGICAL RESPONSES • Spray distribution • Drop numbers and size • Drop velocity • Spray and concentration

  9. AGROCHEMICAL TRADE LABELS • Signal words - DANGER, WARNING, CAUTION ,POISON • Precautionary measures useful in preventing physical harm to the individual • Instructions in case of exposure, emergency treatment • Instructions in case of fire or chemical spill • Instructions for chemical handling and storage

  10. METHODS OF PESTICIDE APPLICATION

  11. High-Volume (HV) Spray • Most common method of pesticide application • Least expensive • Size of spray droplets : >100microns • Coverage includes outer leaves and upper surfaces • Soluble powders, WP, EC. • Eg. Gasoline motor powered pesticide sprayers Cornell nozzles

  12. DUST APPLICATION • Uncommon method. • Active ingredient and filler (talc,clay, diatomaceous earth). • Application by hand-cranked units to large motorized dusters. • Use respirators or gas masks while applying.

  13. LOW-VOLUME (LV) SPRAYERS • Uniform coverage, less pesticide, reduction in time. • Smaller droplet size: <100microns. • Coverage include inner leaves. • Computer programmed.

  14. ELECTROSTATIC SPRAYERS • Invented by Dr. Ed Law at the University of Georgia.  • Max-Charge induction electrostatic nozzle.  • Electrostatic sprayers produce electrically charged spray droplets which are carried into the plant canopy in a high speed air stream. • The result is more than twice the deposition efficiency

  15. ELECTROSTATIC SPRAYERS • Improved canopy penetration • Increased under-leaf coverage • Reduced spray drift • Better coverage • Fewer fill-ups • Easy calibration • Low maintenance • Dilute capability

  16. AEROSOL APPLICATION • Insecticides in cylinders under pressure. • Propellants- isobutane, isopropane, fluorocarbon, compressed carbon dioxide. • Droplet size: <15-20 microns. • Temperature: 70-80 F • Calm day and dry foliage.

  17. FOG APPLICATION • LV method similar to aerosol application. • Insecticide(10%) + oil based carrier. • WP and EC. • Droplet size: 10-60microns. • PPE

  18. SMOKE APPLICATION • Another form of LV method. • Simplest form of application. • No specialized equipments. • Dosage rate is important. • Environmental considerations.

  19. VOLATILIZATION • Gaining acceptance. • Frying pans above plant height. • Labor simplicity. • Low residues.

  20. ROOT SUBSTARTE APPLICATION • Soil-borne insects. • Granular formulations. • Small spoons to Feeder measure meter. • Plants should be dry while application, then water.

  21. CALIBRATION Is the process of measuring and adjusting the amount of pesticide your equipment applies to the target area. Three factors • Correct pump operating pressure • Type of diluent or carrier • Spray volume required

  22. PESTICIDE SAFETY • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • Equipment safety • Storage area • Disposal of pesticide containers • Spill cleanup and reporting • READ THE LABEL

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