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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece. Main Idea: The ancient Greeks developed a complex society making advances in art, science and government . Vocabulary- copy on p. 69 of Inbook. city- state-an early city that was like a small independent country with its own land and government

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Ancient Greece

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  1. Ancient Greece Main Idea: The ancient Greeks developed a complex society making advances in art, science and government.

  2. Vocabulary- copy on p. 69 of Inbook • city- state-an early city that was like a small independent country with its own land and government • Polis-the central city of a Greek city-state • oligarchy-a form of government in which the ruling power is in the hands of a few people • Apprentice-One who is learning a trade or occupation • Democracy-a form of government in which the ruling power is shared by all citizens • Acropolis-the hill above a Greek city on which temples were built • Monarchy-a form of government in which the ruling power is in the hands of one person

  3. I. Geography and Resources Mountainous peninsula in the Aegean Sea 1. Hundreds of islands 2. Travel difficult 3. Poor soil for farming (olives, figs, grapes)

  4. I. Geography and Resources B. Dependence on water 1. Fishing 2. Trade C. Largest island = Crete, highest mountain = Mt. Olympus 9,754’

  5. II. Early History (1st city-state 800B.C. to 146 B.C. conquered by Rome) A. Greek city-state = polis (central city) + surrounding area 1. Common language, beliefs and lifestyle B. Growth of communities 1. Search for better land and opportunities for trade 2. Dozens of island communities

  6. Warm Up Jan. 29 & 30 • In the warm up section of your notebook, write 3-4 sentences comparing the geography of Greece to either Mesopotamia or China. In what ways was it similar? In what ways was it different?

  7. Ancient Greek City-States

  8. III. Government in the City-states C. 4 types 1. Monarchy = rule by a king, absolute power, inherited 2. Oligarchy = few, powerful, wealthy rule 3. Tyrant = single person takes rule against the will of the people 4. Democracy = citizens take part in the government (Greek idea of democracy is different from ours today as only Only free, male, citizens could vote.

  9. IV. City- states of Athens and Sparta – Rivals at war for 27 years in the Peloponnesian Wars A. Athens 1. Large and most powerful city-state 2. Important ideas (thinkers = philosophers) 3. Centrally located 4. Ruled by democracy a. participation in gov’t limited to free, male, adults

  10. Athens 5. Slaves were captured from other lands 6. Powerful armies and developed a navy warship = trireme 7. Boys to school, girls stayed at home 8. At age 18 boys serve in the military for 2 years

  11. Athens Video

  12. Sparta 1. Southern most part of Greece, landlocked 2. Oligarchy a. ruled by two kings 3. Two groups of people a. citizens who paid taxes and served in the army b. Helots who had no rights = slaves

  13. Sparta 4. Military state (preferred to battle on land) a. Only city with a full time army = powerful b. Boys age 7 sent for military training, wrestling school c. Boys live in barracks until age 30, remain in army until 60 C. Warfare- Strategy = phalanx

  14. Sparta Video

  15. V. Gods and Goddesses = polytheistic A. Gods/Goddesses had human qualities but were immortal B. Lived as a family atop Mt Olympus C. Please the Gods with sacrifices or they will punish

  16. D. Major Olympian Gods/Goddesses 1. Zeus- God of Sky and Rain, most powerful-head of the gods, father, “thunderbolt” 2. Hera- wife of Zeus, Goddess of Marriage and Family 3. Poseidon- brother of Zeus, God of Sea, “trident” 4. Aphrodite – Goddess of Love and Beauty 5. Ares – God of war 6. Apollo – God of Music and Light “lyre”

  17. D. Major Olympian Gods/Goddesses 7. Athena – daughter of Zeus, Goddess of the City and Wisdom 8. Hermes – son of Zeus, Messenger of the Gods 9. Hestia- Goddess of Hearth and Home 10. Dionysus- God of Wine and Celebrations 11. Hephaestus- God of Fire and Forge 12. Demeter- Goddess of Agriculture 13. Artemis-Goddess of the Hunt E. Other Gods 1. Hades – brother of Zeus, God of Underworld

  18. VI. The Arts - “The Golden Age” A. Literature and Drama 1. Myths, poems and plays to honor gods a. First alphabet with vowels 2. Aristotle created the rules for drama which we still use today 3. Performed in the amphitheater built on a hillside a. All actors were men

  19. Theater at Delphi

  20. VI. The Arts - “The Golden Age” 4. Playwrights of tragedies  (serious play ends unhappily) • Aeschylus • Sophocles • Euripides 5. Comedies  (make fun of generals and politicians) • Aristophanes

  21. VI. The Arts - “The Golden Age” B. Architecture 1. Three Greek styles still used today (EX. U.S. Supreme Court) a. Doric = simple b. Ionic = detailed c. Corinthian = fancy details 2. Temples built atop the Acropolis (high city) a. Example = the Parthenon atop the Athenian Acropolis, for Athena

  22. C. Philosophers (Think and study about why the world is the way it is) 1. Socrates - argues with question and answer = debate 2. Plato - a perfect world called Utopia a. Student of Socrates b. Founded world’s first University- The Academy

  23. Philosophers 3. Aristotle - logic (syllogisms) a. Studied with Plato in Athens b. Taught Alexander the Great c. Founded famous school called Lyceum in Athens

  24. VII. Everyday Life A. Houses 1. 2-3 rooms centered around a courtyard where much happened 2. Made of stone, clay or brick 3. Women leave home for only short period of time

  25. VII. Everyday Life B. Education 1. Only for the wealthy 2. Wrote with a stylus (wood pen) on a board layered in wax 3. At 14 begin an apprentice to learn a trade C. Shopping at the agora

  26. VIII. The Olympics A. 1st Olympics held in 776 B.C. in village of Olympus B. Held as a religious event to honor Zeus every 4 years C. Athletics important for health and for prep for war, only men D. War truce allowing for safe travel E. Ancient Greek Olympics ended 393 AD, Modern Olympics began 1896 AD

  27. Ancient Olympics

  28. IX. The Spread of Greek Culture A. Constant fighting between city-states weakens ability to defend B. King Philip of Macedon conquerors and unites Greece C. Son, Alexander the Great takes control 1. Excellent military leader set out to conquer the world 2. Conquerors vast new territories as far as India D. Empire expands spreading Greek culture 1. Naming about 20 cities Alexandria, most famous is in Egypt E. Alexander’s death leads to break up of territory and end of empire 1. Greek civilizations falls back into city-states

  29. Alexander’s Empire Greece Mesopotamia India Persia Egypt

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