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Chemical Formulas

Chemical Formulas. Review Chemical Formulas Polyatomic Formulas Metals Special Cases. Review. Oxidation number of an element Nomenclature Nomenclature -Polyatomic ions. Oxidation Number.

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Chemical Formulas

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  1. Chemical Formulas • Review • Chemical Formulas • Polyatomic Formulas • Metals • Special Cases

  2. Review • Oxidation number of an element • Nomenclature • Nomenclature -Polyatomic ions

  3. Oxidation Number • The charge on an element when the valance shell electrons have been removed (low electronegative elements.. Metals) • OR • The charge on an element that will complete the valance shell (octet rule) (high electronegative elements …. Non-metals) • Na 1+ low electronegativity (+) • Cl 1- high electronegativity (-)

  4. Chemical Formulas • 1)Write the symbols of the elements in order • 2)Determine Oxidation number of elements • 3) Balance the anions and cations using whole numbers Examples Magnesium Oxide: Mg O MgO Potassium Nitride: K N K3N Aluminum oxide: Al O Al2O3

  5. Nomenclature- Polyatomic Ions Ammonium NH41+ Acetate C2H3O21- Chlorate ClO31- Hydrogen Carbonate HCO31- Hydroxide OH 1- Nitrate NO31- Nitrite NO21- Carbonate CO32- Sulfate SO42- Sulfite SO32- Phosphate PO43-

  6. Polyatomic Chemical Formulas • 1)Write the symbols of the element followed by the Polyatomic ion • 2) Determine Oxidation number of first element • 3) Use the table to find Oxidation # of Polyatomic ion • 3) Balance the net charge using whole numbers Examples Potassium Hydroxide : K (OH) KOH Sodium Sulfate: Na (SO4) Na2SO4 Calcium Phosphate: Ca (PO4) Ca3(PO4)2

  7. Metal Chemical Formulas • 1)Write the symbols of the elements • 2) Determine Oxidation number of the non metal • 3) The roman numerals equal oxidation number for metals • 4) Balance the charge of the compound Examples Iron II chloride: Fe CL FeCL2 Lead IV Fluoride: Pb F PbF4 Iron III Oxide: Fe O Fe2O3

  8. Special Cases- Acids • Reference your Acid and Base Table • Reference the Extra Nomenclature Table • Note: On the exam you will be given any reference material you might need!!!

  9. Nomenclature-7 Acids and 1 Base Hydrochloric acid HCL Nitric acid HNO3 Acetic acid HC2H3O2 Perchloric acid HClO4 Carbonic acid HCO3 Sulfuric acid H2SO4 Phosphoric acid H3PO4 Ammonia NH3

  10. EXTRA-Nomenclature

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