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Chemical Formulas

Chemical Formulas. CO 2 Has 2 elements: carbon and oxygen Has 3 atoms 1 C atom and 2 O atoms C 6 H 12 O 6 Has 3 elements, and 24 atoms. Naming ionic Compounds. First word Na Cl

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Chemical Formulas

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  1. Chemical Formulas • CO2Has 2 elements: carbon and oxygen • Has 3 atoms 1 C atom and 2 O atoms • C6H12O6Has 3 elements, and 24 atoms

  2. Naming ionic Compounds • First word NaCl • Cation-(positive ion) if the charge is always the same write the name of the metal. • Transition metals can have more than one type of charge. • Indicate the charge with Roman numerals in parenthesis.

  3. Name these • Na+1 • Ca+2 • Al+3 • Fe+3 • Fe+2 • Pb+2 • Li+1

  4. Second Word NaCl • Anions (negative ion) are always the same charge. • Change the element ending to – ide • Cl-1Chloride

  5. Name these • Cl-1 • N-3 • Br-1 • O-2 • Ga+3

  6. Write these • Sulfide ion • iodide ion • phosphide ion • Strontium ion

  7. Polyatomic ions • Groups of atoms that stay together and have a charge. • Acetate C2H3O2-1 • Nitrate NO3-1 • Nitrite NO2-1 • Hydroxide OH-1 • Permanganate MnO4-1 • Cyanide CN-1

  8. Naming Binary Ionic Compounds • Binary Compounds - 2 elements. • Ionic - a cation and an anion. • To write the names just name the two ions. • Easy with Representative elements. • Group A • NaCl = Na+ Cl- = sodium chloride • MgBr2 = Mg+2 Br- = magnesium bromide

  9. Naming Binary Ionic Compounds • The problem comes with the transition metals. • Need to figure out their charges. • The compound must be neutral. • same number of + and – charges. • Use the anion to determine the charge on the positive ion.

  10. Naming Binary Ionic Compounds • Write the name of CuO • Need the charge of Cu • O is -2 copper must be +2 • Copper (II) oxide • Name CoCl3 • Cl is -1 there are three of them = -3 • Co must be +3 • Cobalt (III) chloride

  11. Naming Binary Ionic Compounds • Write the names of the following • KCl • Na3N • CrN • Sc3P2 • PbO • PbO2 • Na2Se

  12. Polyatomic ions in compounds • At least three elements • NaNO3 • CaSO4 • CuSO3 • (NH4)2O

  13. LiCN • Fe(OH)3 • (NH4)2CO3 • NiPO4

  14. Writing Formulas • The charges have to add up to zero. • Get charges on pieces. • Cations from name of table. • Anions from table or polyatomic. • Balance the charges by adding subscripts. • Put polyatomics in parenthesis.

  15. Writing Formulas • Write the formula for calcium chloride. • Calcium is Ca+2 • Chloride is Cl-1 • Ca+2 Cl-1 would have a +1 charge. • Need another Cl-1 • Ca+2 Cl2-1

  16. Write the formulas for these • Lithium sulfide • tin (II) oxide • tin (IV) oxide • Magnesium fluoride • Copper (II) sulfate • Iron (III) phosphide • gallium nitrate • Iron (III) sulfide

  17. Write the formulas for these • Ammonium chloride • ammonium sulfide • barium nitrate

  18. Things to look for • If cations have (), the number is their charge. • If anions end in -ide they are probably off the periodic table (Monoatomic) • If anion ends in -ate or -ite it is polyatomic

  19. Molecular compounds (Covalently bonded) • made of just nonmetals • smallest piece is a molecule • can’t be held together because of opposite charges. • can’t use charges to figure out how many of each atom

  20. Easier • Molecular compounds name tells you the number of atoms. • Uses prefixes to tell you the number

  21. Prefixes • 1 mono- 6 hexa- • 2 di- 7 hepta- • 3 tri- 8 octa- • 4 tetra- 9 nona- • 5 penta- 10 deca-

  22. Prefixes • To write the name write two words • One exception is we don’t write mono- if there is only one of the first element. • No double vowels when writing names (oaoo) Prefix name Prefix name -ide

  23. Name These • N2O • 2. NO2 • 3. Cl2O7 • 4. CBr4 • 5. CO2 • 6. BaCl2

  24. Write formulas for these • 1. diphosphoruspentoxide • 2. tetraiodidenonoxide • 3. sulfur hexaflouride • 4. nitrogen trioxide • 5. Carbon tetrahydride • 6. phosphorus trifluoride • 7. aluminum chloride

  25. Acids Writing names and Formulas

  26. Acids • Compounds that give off hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. • Must have H in them. • will always be some H next to an anion. • The anion determines the name.

  27. Naming acids • If the anion attached to hydrogen is ends in -ide, put the prefix hydro- and change -ide to -ic acid • HCl - hydrogen ion and chloride ion • hydrochloric acid • H2S hydrogen ion and sulfide ion • hydrosulfuric acid

  28. Naming Acids • If the anion has oxygen in it • it ends in -ate of -ite • change the suffix -ate to -ic acid • HNO3 Hydrogen and nitrate ions • Nitric acid • change the suffix -iteto -ous acid • HNO2 Hydrogen and nitrite ions • Nitrous acid

  29. Name these • 1. HF • 2. H3P • 3. H2SO4 • 4. H2SO3 • 5. HCN • 6. H2CrO4

  30. Writing Formulas • Hydrogen will always be first • name will tell you the anion • make the charges cancel out. • Starts with hydro- no oxygen, -ide • no hydro, -ate comes from -ic, -itecomes from -ous

  31. Write formulas for these • 1. hydroiodicacid • 2. acetic acid • 3. carbonic acid • 4. phosphorous acid • 5. hydrobromic acid

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