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Changing regimes? Accounting for divergent convergence

International Symposium „Reforming Unemployment Policy in Europe“ May 15-16 2009, Hamburg. Changing regimes? Accounting for divergent convergence. Patrizia Aurich. Introduction. Activation in different welfare states? Differences in the degree of activation (Gilbert 2002, Hvinden 2003)

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Changing regimes? Accounting for divergent convergence

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  1. International Symposium „Reforming Unemployment Policy in Europe“ May 15-16 2009, Hamburg Changing regimes? Accounting for divergent convergence Patrizia Aurich

  2. Introduction Activation in different welfare states? • Differences in the degree of activation (Gilbert 2002, Hvinden 2003) • Differences in nature of activation (Serrano-Pascual 2007, Barbier and Ludwig-Mayerhofer 2004, Lødemel and Trickey 2001) • „divergent convergence“ (Kitschelt 1999; Seeleib-Kaiser 2007) Aim: • Compare changes in diversity under common frame of activation

  3. CentralQuestions • How can divergent convergence towards activation be compared? • How have welfare states developed differently? • How can these differences in development be explained?

  4. Structure of the presentation • Theoretical and methodological framework • Findings of the comparative analysis of change • Approach to explaining differences

  5. Part I Theoretical and methodological framework

  6. Conceptualising welfare state change part I • Retrenchment, re-commodification and re-calibration (Pierson 2001) • Activation instead of income compensation: • re-calibration • Symbolical convergence (Serrano-Pascual 2007)

  7. Definition of activation part I Activation can be defined as a policy aimed at increasing activity levels of the unemployed. It is: • aimed directly at the benefit recipient … • … affecting rights and/or obligations during benefit receipt.

  8. Conceptualising welfare state change part I Comparative framework: scope for diversity? • 2 perspectives on activation • Increase social inclusion of the unemployed by bringing them into work and training activities (Giddens 1998) • Increase labour market participation by reducing disincentives (Streeck and Heinze 1999, Murray 1994)

  9. Conceptual framework part I Coercion Re-commodification Coercive Welfare • Partly active • strict benefit regime • Most active • human resource development • strict benefit regime Active support low high Enabling De-commodification • Partly active • human resource development • income compensation • Least active • income compensation Autonomy Construction of individual action situation

  10. Methodological approach part I Three countries (DE, DK, UK) representing: • Different types of welfare regimes • Different reform dynamics Different programmes: • Unemployment Insurance (UI) • Unemployment Assistance (UA) • Social Assistance (SA) Data • Institutional regulation from 1990 - 2008 • MISSOC, OECD Country Reports etc.

  11. Methodological approachpart I • Input – ideas and discourse • Legal output – institutional change in legislation • Administrative output – practices, implementation • Outcome – effects of policies in social settings

  12. Methodological approach part I

  13. Part II Findings of comparing activation in different welfare regimes

  14. Policy trajectories in Denmark part II Coercion Coercive Welfare Re-commodification low Active support high Enabling De-commodification Autonomy Construction of individual action situation

  15. Policy trajectories in the UK part II Coercion Coercive Welfare Re-commodification low Active support high Enabling De-commodification Autonomy Construction of individual action situation

  16. Policy trajectories in Germany part II Coercion Coercive Welfare Re-commodification low Active support high Enabling De-commodification Autonomy Construction of individual action situation

  17. Unravelling divergent convergence part II

  18. part III An attempt of explanation • How can we explain similarities and differences?

  19. Explanations? part III

  20. Thank you for your attention!

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