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A Power Saving Mechanism for IEEE 802.16e Networks

A Power Saving Mechanism for IEEE 802.16e Networks. Adviser: Ho-Ting Wu Speaker: Lei Yan. 1. Outlines. Introduction to IEEE 802.16 and QoS Proposed power saving mechanism Motivation Related works Proposed bandwidth allocation algorithm Proposed packet scheduling algorithms

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A Power Saving Mechanism for IEEE 802.16e Networks

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  1. A Power Saving Mechanism for IEEE 802.16e Networks Adviser: Ho-Ting Wu Speaker: Lei Yan 1

  2. Outlines • Introduction to IEEE 802.16 and QoS • Proposed power saving mechanism • Motivation • Related works • Proposed bandwidth allocation algorithm • Proposed packet scheduling algorithms • Simulation results • Conclusion and future works 2

  3. References [1] IEEE 802.16d-2004 and IEEE 802.16e-2005 Std. [2]張致恩. 無線都會網路系統與技術短期課程. 中原大學電子系. 2008 [3] Min-Gom Kim, Minho Kang, and Jung Yul Choi, “Performance Evaluation of the Sleep Mode Operation in the IEEE 802.16e MAC,” Advanced Communication Technology, The 9th International Conference.Publication Date: 12-14 Feb. 2007 Vol. 1, pp. 602-605 [4] Kwanghun Han and Sunghyun Choi, “Performance Analysis of Sleep Mode Operation in IEEE 802.16e Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems,”Vehicular Technology Conference, 2006. VTC 2006-Spring. IEEE 63rd Volume 3, 2006 Page(s):1141 – 1145 [5] Shengqing Zhu, Xiaoyu Ma, and Lujian Wang, “A Delay-aware Auto Sleep Mode Operation for Power Saving WiMAX,”Computer Communications and Networks, 2007. ICCCN 2007. Proceedings of 16th International Conference on 13-16 Aug. 2007 Page(s):997 - 1001 3

  4. References (cont.) [6] Yan Zhang, “Performance Modeling of Energy Management Mechanism in IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX,”Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2007.WCNC 2007. IEEE 11-15 March 2007 Page(s):3205 - 3209 [7] Min-Gon Kim, JungYul Choi, and Minho Kang; “Adaptive power saving mechanism considering the request period of each initiation of awakening in the IEEE 802.16e system,”Communications Letters, IEEE Volume 12,Issue 2, February 2008 Page(s):106 - 108 [8] Sanghvi, K., Jain, P.K., Lele, A., and Das, D., “Adaptive waiting time threshold estimation algorithm for power saving in sleep mode of IEEE 802.16e,”Communication Systems Software and Middleware and Workshops, 2008. COMSWARE 2008. 3rd International Conference on 6-10 Jan. 2008 Page(s):334 - 340 [9]邱元甫. 應用於IEEE 802.16網路之整合性節能排程演算法(IPSS: Integrated Power Saving Scheduling Algorithm for IEEE 802.16 PMP Networks). 國立成功大學電腦與通信工程研究所碩士論文. July, 2008

  5. References (cont.) [10] Shih-Chang Huang, Rong-Hong Jan, and Chien Chen, “Energy efficient scheduling with QoS guarantee for IEEE 802.16e broadband wireless access networks,” Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Wireless communications and mobile computing, pp. 547-552 [11] Chia-Yen Lin and Hsi-Lu Chao, “Energy-saving scheduling in IEEE 802.16e networks,” 14-17 Oct. 2008 Page(s):130 - 135 [12] Chun-Hung Chen, Ho-Ting Wu, and Kai-Wei Ke, ”Predictive Credit Based Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Mechanisms in Ethernet Passive Optical Network,”, TENCON 2006. 2006 IEEE Region 10 Conference, 14-17 Nov. 2006 Page(s):1 - 4

  6. Outlines • Introduction to IEEE 802.16 and QoS • Proposed power saving mechanism • Motivation • Related works • Proposed BWA algorithm • Proposed packet scheduling algorithms • Simulation results (Unfinished) • Conclusion and future works 6

  7. About IEEE 802.16 • Also called “WiMAX” (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) Bandwidth IEEE 802.15 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.16 3GPP 1 Gbps 802.15.3 High Speed Wireless PAN Wi-Fi 802.11n 100 Mbps WiMAX 802.16 (802.16-2004 & 802.16e) Wi-Fi 802.11a/b/g 10 Mbps 4G 3G 2.5G 1 Mbps 802.15.1 Bluetooth <1m 10m 100m Up to 50Km Up to 80Km PAN LAN MAN WAN PAN: Personal area networks MAN: Metropolitan area networks LAN: Local area networks Wide area networks 7

  8. About IEEE 802.16 (cont.) • PHY: S-OFDMA, MIMO, LDPC, and Space-Time Coding, etc • Theoretical data rate and coverage: 75Mbps and 50km • Fixed (802.16d) and mobile (802.16e) for SS • Latest version: 802.16m • Opponents in last-mile: DSL/FTTB/FTTH • Opponent in the 4G candidate: LTE • Pros: HI data rate (good for HQ multimedia services!) and robust to Doppler spread • Cons: LO indoor penetration 8

  9. Common Part Sublayer (CPS): Where our research locates • Responsible for multiple-access control • Functions ： • Connection establishment • Connection maintenance • Connection deletion • Call admission control (CAC) • Bandwidth request • Bandwidth allocation (BWA) • Packet scheduling MAC Common Part Sublayer (MPC) 9

  10. Frame structure of WiMAX 10

  11. DL/UL behavior in a WiMAX frame • DL-MAP: BS lists the allocation time and size granted to MSs • UL-MAP: BS lists the order and size for BW requests by MSs 11

  12. Life-cycle of a connection (call) • Phase 1: After ranging, according to the need of upper layers, MS uplinks a connection (call) request to BS, the BS accepts/rejects this call via CAC • Phase 2: Although BW request is calculated by connections, BS grants data in the aspect of MS (packets granted in a batch) via BWA • Phase 3: After the need ends, MS drops the call 12

  13. Life-cycle of a connection (call) (cont.)

  14. Two undefinedparts in Standard • 1. Packet scheduling: The way for some purpose for BS to ADAPTIVELY arrange DL/UL orders for MS (but the de facto algorithm is not defined) • 2. Power savingfunction: The way for MS to ADAPTIVELY turn-off its RF devices (to “sleep”) at proper time (but the de facto algorithm is not defined) • However, packet scheduling (BS initiated) can ALSO achieve power saving function (such as our research)!! 14

  15. Motivation of our research • Reasons for power saving: • MASSIVE use of multimedia services runs out the battery fast • The Tx/Rx power STILL costs a lot even though AMC is applied • Initiation of power saving mode: • BS initiated (research after 2008, including ours) • MS initiated (research before 2008) 15

  16. Service types and Power saving classes (PSC) • Same type, different names!! 16

  17. Service type and Power saving class(PSC) (cont.) • The MS operation hierarchy in Std.: • In later pages we will modify the above 17

  18. Service type and Power saving class(PSC) (cont.) • Three types of sleeping: • PSC I (HI delay bound): NRTVR and BE • PSC II (LO delay bound): UGS and RTVR • PSC III (LO delay bound): ERTVR • Q: Why ERTVR is listed in PSC III? • A: The silence suppression function keeps this call sleep longer 18

  19. Service typeand Power saving class (PSC) (cont.) • Sleep mode (PSC I to III) is shown below: • The physical sleep time for MS is the intersection among its ALL calls (very short!) 19

  20. Outlines • Introduction to IEEE 802.16 and QoS • Proposed power saving mechanism (PSM) • Related works • Motivation • Proposed BWA algorithm • Proposed packet scheduling algorithms • Simulation results (Unfinished) • Conclusion and future works 20

  21. Related works • Categorize from [3] to [11]: • Sleep time adaption in MS (only “guess”) [3-8]: MS predicts WHEN BS grants data, so there exists delays between predicted and actual time • Scheduler categorizes MS by real-time/non real-time [9]: So MS cannot have BOTH • UGS only [10] and lack of ertPS [11] • Without BWA (except for [9]) 21

  22. Outlines • Introduction to IEEE 802.16 and QoS • Proposed power saving mechanism (PSM) • Related works • Motivation • Proposed BWA algorithm • Proposed packet scheduling algorithms • Simulation results (Unfinished) • Conclusion and future works 22

  23. Motivation of our PSM • Our design features: • Five service types (novelty) • A traditional CAC algorithm • A BWA algorithm for BS to ADAPTIVELY grants data • Three packet scheduling algorithms for power saving • Q: Why we don’t use the “separated” power saving func. from Std.? • A: From p.19, we thus need an integrated alm. to CENTRALLY arrange calls to prolong the MS sleep time. • Q: What is the benefit for above? • A: Reduction of frequent state transitions (overshoot at MS start-up) 23

  24. Outlines • Introduction to IEEE 802.16 and QoS • Proposed power saving mechanism (PSM) • Related works • Motivation • Proposed BWA algorithm • Proposed packet scheduling algorithms • Simulation results (Unfinished) • Conclusion and future works 24

  25. Dichotomy for MS states • We modify the Std.-defined hierarchy into only 2 states: ON-state (RF device ON) and OFF-state (RF device OFF)

  26. Proposed BWA algorithm for a call • Because data is allowed to be scheduled across frames in our design, we need to lower packet delay for each call, thus we have to estimate the ON-state time by estimating grant size • Our scheduling algorithm allocates time for BR and BWA for the next scheduling cycle (>frame duration)

  27. Proposed BWA algorithm for a call (cont.) • Modified from [12], we wish to get a proper grant_size (Gk) at kth scheduling based on past experiences • Parameters: • Scheduling cycle (obtained from scheduling alm.) • buffer_size: Size in BS and requested by MS • grant_size: Size granted by BS • CAC_BW: The BW that this call requested in CAC • Credit: Used to fine-tune the grant_size • Estimated arrival rate during previous scheduling cycle 27

  28. Proposed BWA algorithm for a call (cont.) • The BS sometimes NOT always grant sizes that a call exactly wants (so we use credit to +/- the grant size) • Formula (1): Credit (+/-) is obtained by estimating the arrival rate (BW) for previous scheduling cycle, under the case that BS has known all data sizes it should grant next time (we can transform it into the current scheduling cycle duration) • Formula (2): If the difference between buffer size is minus (the traffic flow is slowed down), then credit is minus

  29. Proposed BWA algorithm for a call (cont.) • For rtPS/nrtPS/BE, the above criterions are applied • For UGS/ertPS in a scheduling cycle, the BWA grants size of 64kbps*scheduling_cycle_duration • Due to the constant transmission rate for UGS/ertPS, we can predict the scheduling cycle length much more precise than rtPS/nrtPS/BE

  30. Proposed BWA algorithm for a call (cont.) 30

  31. Outlines 31 • Introduction to IEEE 802.16 and QoS • Proposed power saving mechanism (PSM) • Related works • Motivation • Proposed BWA algorithm • Proposed packet scheduling algorithms • Simulation results (Unfinished) • Conclusion and future works

  32. Three packet scheduling algorithms • Design criterion (MS-based): • Merge DL/UL time (for BR/BWA) to MS in ON-state • Frame overflow is allowed • No violation to the traffic delay bound • The OFF-state time is the sleep time for MS • Goal of the algorithms: • Simply “ON-state time” and “OFF-state time” • No drastic packet dropping rate • Prevent frequent ON-OFF switching (overshooting) • Efficiently utilize DL/UL resource

  33. Parameters for MS • Delay bound by service type (ms): • DUGS • DertPS • DrtPS • DnrtPS • DBE • TSi is the sleep time of MSi • Scheduling cycle: 屬於MS的某個call其兩次排程間的間隔,依其型態而假設如下: • [traffic]-cycle <= D[traffic] • For example, R-cycle<=DrtPS for rtPS traffics

  34. Algorithm 1 (Criterion) • For any traffic, a call that firstly performs BR should be scheduled directly without computation of credits. • Criterion 1: Split time into U-cycles (with delay bound of DUGS). Always allocate UGS/ertPS calls in the front • Criterion 2: Allocate rtPS->nrtPS->BE for MS i into the remainder of U-cycle

  35. Algorithm 1 (Criterion) (cont.) • Criterion 3: Once we can’t allocate data size inside one frame duration, allocate the rest at next frame (see p.33) • Criterion 4: As long as no violation for delay bound occurs, the remained data can be allocated in the next U-cycle • Criterion 5: Drop the rest if the scheduling exceeds the traffic delay bound

  36. Algorithm 1 (Concentration for MS) (CONT.) • Periodic UGSi/ertPSi(mandatory) • Guarantee no delay for UGSi/ertPSi • Concentrate rtPSi/nrtPSi/BEi for MSi • Packets after delay bound should be dropped

  37. Flow chart for BWA&scheduling

  38. Outlines 38 • Introduction to IEEE 802.16 and QoS • Proposed power saving mechanism (PSM) • Related works • Motivation • Proposed BWA algorithm • Proposed packet scheduling algorithms • Simulation results (Unfinished) • Conclusion and future works

  39. Outlines 39 • Introduction to IEEE 802.16 and QoS • Proposed power saving mechanism (PSM) • Related works • Motivation • Proposed BWA algorithm • Proposed packet scheduling algorithms • Simulation results (Unfinished) • Conclusion and future works

  40. Conclusion and future works • Our novel research includes: 5 traffic types + CAC + BWA + Packet scheduling algorithms, which is more realistic than related works • Our BWA adaptively and smartly helps BS grant • The efficiency comparison among algorithms will be soon evaluated (packet dropping rate and sleep ratio, etc)

  41. Thank you for attention!! • Really appreciate for your great comments!!

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