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Ship Design & Engineering

Ship Design & Engineering. Introduction. Principles of ship design Basic ship structure, including forces Ship structural elements Compartment Numbering Submarine Design Piping Systems & Coloring. Basic Design Considerations. Operation Employment

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Ship Design & Engineering

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  1. Ship Design& Engineering

  2. Introduction • Principles of ship design • Basic ship structure, including forces • Ship structural elements • Compartment Numbering • Submarine Design • Piping Systems & Coloring

  3. Basic Design Considerations • Operation Employment • Mission: task or job ship is designed to perform • Armament: measure of offensive & defensive power of ship • Protection: features designed to thwart or minimize destructiveness of enemy attack • Maneuverability: rapid course/speed changes • Cruising range: distance a ship can travel at cruising speed without refuel/reprovision

  4. Basic Design Considerations • Structural design & seaworthiness • Stability: ability of ship to return to an upright position when heeled over • Displacement: measured in tons of water • Freeboard: vertical distance between top of hull and water line • Hull shape • Beam

  5. Basic Forces Acting on Ships • Stress • Load per unit area (psi) • Tension, compression, shear, torsion • Strain • Deformation per unit length • Longitudinal Bending • Sagging • Hogging

  6. Stress • Def’n: load a member is carrying per unit area (psi) • Types: • Tension: axial stress exerted by pulling • Compression: axial stress exerted by pressure on ends • Shear: equal but opposite forces at right angle • Torsion: stress caused by twisting motion

  7. Strain • Def’n: the distortion/deformation per unit length as a result of stress • Measured in inches per inch (in/in)

  8. Sagging • Condition where ship is supported more at its ends • Compression of main deck • Tension of the bottom/keel

  9. Hogging • Condition where ship is supported more in its middle • Tension of main deck • Compression of bottom/keel

  10. Ship Structural Elements • Keel • Centerline backbone of ship • Runs the length of the ship • Framing • Ribs of ship, provide structural strength -> define form of ship • Types: • Transverse (extend outward from keel) • Longitudinal (parallel to keel, run length of ship)

  11. Ship Structural Elements • Bottom • Cellular region comprised of keel & framing • Plating • Skin over framework -> rectangular steel plates welded together

  12. Ship Structural Elements • Decks • “Floors” of a ship (sometimes called “levels”) • Horizontal partitions that form tiers • Main deck is uppermost complete deck • Bulkhead • “Walls” of a ship • Horizontal partitions that form compartments • Can either be structural or non-structural (joiner)

  13. Ship Structural Elements

  14. Ship Structural Elements • Doors • Passage between spaces on SAME level • Can be Water-Tight (sealed with “dogs”) • Individually acting v. Quick-acting • Hatches • Passage between spaces on DIFFERENT levels • Most are water-tight boundaries

  15. Compartment Numbering • System used for ships built after 1949 • 4 main parts • Deck • Frame • Compartment • Use ex: 5 – 32 – 0 – E Deck Frame Compartment Use

  16. Compartment Numbering • Deck: • Meaning: “Space is located on this deck” • Upper levels are 01,02… successively from main • Main deck is 1 • Lower decks are 2,3,4… successively from main

  17. Compartment Numbering • Frame: • Meaning: “Forward boundary of compartment is on or immediately aft of this frame number” • Sequential number given to transverse frames fore to aft

  18. Compartment Numbering • Compartment: • Indicates position of compartment relative to centerline • Centerline compartments are “0” • Numbers follow in succession from centerline outboard • Even numbers for Port side (2,4,6, …) • Odd numbers for Starboard side (1,3,5, …) • … 6 4 2 0 1 3 5 … • Port Centerline Starboard

  19. Compartment Numbering • Use: • Letter that designates primary use of the space • Examples • “A”: Supply & Storage • “C”: Control (ship control or fire control) • “E”: Engineering • “F”: Fuel tank • “L”: Living • “M”: Ammunition • “T”: Trunk • “V”: Void • “W”: Water tank

  20. Submarine Design • Hull (made of HY-80 or HY-90 steel) • Watertight envelope designed to resist submergence pressure at CRUSH DEPTH • Inner hull (pressure hull) • Outer hull (non-pressure hull)

  21. Submarine Design • Structural Members • Similar to surface ship but rounded for submarine hull shape and THICKER • All levels have expansion joints (varying submergence pressures)

  22. White Yellow Purple Dark Gray Light Gray/Tan Blue Light Blue Orange Steam Oil JP-5 HP Air LP Air Chillwater Feedwater Hydraulics Piping & Valve Numbering Systems • Numbering system for valves similar to that for compartments (ie: MS-1, MS-2, etc.)

  23. Questions, Comments, Concerns?

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