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Anglo-Saxon Background

Anglo-Saxon Background. A brief history of how the English language came to be. Late Stone Age. IBERIANS from present-day Spain and Portugal migrate to the British Islands. 2000 BCE- Stonehenge built. Each large stone stands over 6 feet tall and measures 3-4 feet wide.

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Anglo-Saxon Background

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  1. Anglo-Saxon Background A brief history of how the English language came to be

  2. Late Stone Age • IBERIANS from present-day Spain and Portugal migrate to the British Islands

  3. 2000 BCE- Stonehenge built

  4. Each large stone stands over 6 feet tall and measures 3-4 feet wide The stones weigh about 4 tons each

  5. Climate of the area • A lot of rain and fog • Rolling green hills in the summer • Cool • Grey; overcast

  6. The Moors in Summer

  7. 800-600 BCE • The CELTS migrated to the British Islands from Southern Europe • Pronounced Kelts, not like the Boston Celtics (although that is where they get their name)

  8. The Brythons who settled on the large island, present-day Britain And the Gaels who settled on present-day Ireland Two Groups of Celts

  9. The Celts • Were FARMERS and HUNTERS • Were organized into tightly-knit clans, led by CHIEFTAINS

  10. Druids • Celtic priests who: • Performed religious rituals • Carried the oral tradition • Settled disputes among clans

  11. 55 BCE • Julius Caesar invaded Britain and declared it a province of Rome • 43 AD- Claudius brought the Roman legions (soldiers) to the area • Some CELTS fled to the north, while others stayed and assimilated

  12. On your map on the last page, draw the migrations of the groups we have mentioned so far as they have invaded the British Isles.

  13. The Romans • Built a series of ROADS and created many CASTRA (camps) and TOWNS • Many English towns now end in “chester,” “caster,” and “cester”

  14. The Romans also brought… • Baths • Glass windows • Pools • Temples • Good wine • Aqueducts

  15. 407 AD • The ROMANS leave Britain to defend Rome from barbarian invasions, leaving Britain with no real military structure to defend it from invasions

  16. 400s AD… • The northern Celts returned to reclaim their land from ________ (look above) years earlier. • Because there was no military protection, the Britons called upon mercenaries from present-day Germany to help them defend themselves from the invading Celts.

  17. Draw an arrow on your map from Germany to Britain, representing the path of the mercenaries…

  18. What is a mercenary? • Usually not as dedicated to the cause as actual inhabitants defending their own land

  19. 432 AD • St. Patrick went to Ireland and spread Christianity among the Celts • The pre-English languages were Welsh, Cornish, and Irish-gaelic

  20. The Celtic Cross

  21. 449 AD • The Old English Period begins. • This date marks the beginning of the ANGLO-SAXON INVASIONS and the “dark ages” of violent tribal wars.

  22. From the region of modern-day GERMANY and DENMARK ANGLES SAXONS JUTES FRISIANS Four tribes

  23. The Legendary King • ARTHUR • Probably was a Celt who helped to defend Britain from the invading tribes • Many Celts fled…

  24. Religion at this time… • The Anglo-Saxons brought to Britain their own PAGAN beliefs (polytheistic) • To the right is Thunor (Thor), the God of Thunder

  25. Anglo-Saxon Gods and the days of the week… • Woden- the leader of the Wild Hunt, who carries off the dead-> Woden’s Day= Wednesday • Thunor- God of Thunder and the sky -> Thunor’s Day= Thursday • Frige- the goddess of love and wife of Woden-> Frige’s Day= Friday • Tiw- the god of warfare -> Tiw’s Day= Tuesday

  26. 597 AD • ST. AUGUSTINE founded a Christian monastery at Canterbury and began converting regional kings. • He became the first ARCHBISHOP of CANTERBURY.

  27. 750 AD • BEOWULF is composed by an unknown author (probably a monk) • An epic poem based on Norse legend brought to England by the Anglo-Saxons

  28. c. 800 AD • The DANISH invasions begin • The VIKINGS sack the monasteries, burning most written records • c. 850 AD most of England called DANELAW

  29. Mark this invasion on your map.

  30. 871 AD • ALFRED THE GREAT becomes king • Encourages rebirth of LEARNING and EDUCATION • Establishes PUBLIC EDUCATION • Has Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English people translated into Old English

  31. 892 AD- Alfred the Great begins the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle written in Old English, so the common person could read it. • 975 AD- The Exeter Book, a collection of poems and riddles, is completed

  32. 1042 AD • Edward the Confessor becomes King of England • A devout Christian • Norman on his mother’s side- lived in France for many years • Succeeded by his son King Harold

  33. 1066 AD • THE NORMAN INVASION • William the CONQUERER comes from France and conquers the Anglo-Saxons at the BATTLE OF HASTINGS, marking the end of the Old English Period and the beginning of the MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD

  34. Mark the Norman invasion on your map

  35. The Bayeux Tapestry: The Death of King Harold

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