1 st Hour

1. 1st Hour Jakob Noah Jorge Elizabeth Vanessa Aliza Sydney L Catalina Teacher’s Desk Gabriella Andres 1Desiree Sydney P Kyle B Steven Alexis Estrella Anna Quintan Mariyah Tomas Grayson Sydney K Alan Jaylen Karina Manuel Jax Armando Natalie Jose Jordan Sean Jared DOOR

2. 2nd Hour Lorenzo Alexis Shayna Matt Dominique Jared Teacher’s Desk Logan Daniel Alejandro Taylor Anthony C Kayla Chris Kelechi Dante Jonathan River Mei Adrian Josslan Michael Briseida Sam Anthony O Jackson Joseph A Ian Maleek Brooke Marcel Anthony L DOOR

3. 3rd Hour Eunice Caitlin Jose Andrew Diana Mauricio Jaren A. Castillo Jessica G Kassandra Daniel Austin Osceola Sarah Asiano Alejandra Gerardo Luis Juliana Eunice A. Cristan Liliana Halle Aisake Roberto Mario Charles Kiana Edgar Jessica M Jessica Eduardo Carolina Gianni Teacher’s Desk DOOR

4. 5thHour Lauren Marco Jasmine Adriana Isaiha William Teacher’s Desk Andrew Josh Edward Serina Elmer Odalis Rosalia Ty Destinee Ivanna Alexis W Adrian Taylor Yakia Brian Juan Hubble Nick Alexis M Adi Kura Kohl Bryan Andrea Sonia Michael Harrison Marcos DOOR

5. 6th Hour Ruben Joshua Antonio Juedial Janette Giovany Teacher’s Desk Raul Claudia Frederico B. Lloyd Sid Diego Ingrid Travys Conrad Denise B.Leach Jackie Haley Shannon Alex Nicholas Ricardo Audrey Kyejah Jeremiah Cody Fernando Audrey Andrew Carmen Moses Richard Taylor Anthony DOOR

6. This and next week… • Wednesday/Thursday: • Discuss Feudalism • Group Activity • Friday • Chivalry • Next Week: AIMS testing (Go to CCA on block days T-TR) • Monday: 1-6 • Tuesday: 1-3-5 • Wednesday: 2-4-6 • Thursday: 1-3-5 • Friday: 2-4-6

7. Welcome Back! • Going over syllabus • Rules • Expectations • Pass back test Friday  • Those who need to take the test- Next Monday or Tuesday after school in Mr. Martinez’s room

8. Warm-Up: • Use this for today, Friday, and Monday • If you lived in a time of CONSTANT threat of murderers and thieves (like the mob), would you give up your freedom for protection? Why/Why not? • Please respond in 3 sentences.

9. Learning Goals • Explore how feudalism helped shape political & social development in Europe during the Middle Ages • Identify the ways in which the manorial system influenced economic growth in Europe during the Middle Ages

10. Why is this important??? • The rights and duties of a feudal relationships helped shaped today’s forms of representative government.

11. 13.2 Feudalism in Europe Feudalism, a political and economic system based on land-holding and protective alliances, emerges in Europe.

12. Vikings, Magyars, and Moors…Oh My! • After the breakup of Charlemagne’s empire, invaders attacked Europe • Vikings attacked from the North • Viking ships could navigate upriver and raid inland towns • Magyars swept in from the east (from present day Hungary) • Muslims came from the south

13. Vikings Muslims Magyars

14. Viking Invasions • From cold northern Scandinavia • Most dreaded attackers • Worship warlike gods • Carried raids at fast speeds- strike, then set out to sea before local troops could arrive

15. Vikings • Used swords and heavy wooden shields • Built amazing boats • Boats could carry 300 men, 72 oars, weigh 20 tons and sail in 3ft of water • Would use shallow streams to loot villages and monasteries • Were not just warriors, also were traders, farmers and explorers

16. Viking Boats

18. Leif Ericson • Most famous Viking • Most likely reached North America around 1000- about 500 years before Christopher Columbus

19. Viking Invasions End • Around the same time Leif Ericson reached the America’s Viking terror faded • Vikings gradually accepted Christianity and stopped raising monasteries • A warming trend in Europe made farming easier in Scandinavia, so many didn’t adopt the Viking seafaring way of life

20. A sketch of a Viking longboat

21. Magyars Invasion • Invade from east in late 800s • they terrorize Germany and Italy • Great on horseback, nomads • Didn’t settle conquered land • Captured people to sell as slaves • Attack isolated villages and monasteries • Overrun northern Italy

22. Muslim Invasions • Muslims come from the south • Seized Sicily, raided Italy • Sacked Rome in 846 • Controlled the Mediterranean Sea and disrupted trade and were excellent sailors • Were vengeful- goal was to plunder land, since they failed at conquering the land in 600 and 700s

23. Living in Fear • Invasions of Vikings, Magyars and Muslims caused disorder and suffering • Europeans lived in fear and constant danger • Central authority proved powerless • Many turned to local leaders with their own armies

24. Feudalism

25. Feudalism: Weak Kings, Strong Nobles

26. A New Social Order • Worst years of invaders attacks were 850-950. • During this time, rulers and warriors made similar agreements in many parts of Europe • The system of governing and landholding called feudalism had emerged in Europe

27. Feudal System • Based on mutual obligations • A lord (landowner) granted land called a fief in exchange for military protection and other services • Person receiving the fief was a vassal • So, Charles the Simple was the lord, and Rollo would have been the vassal

28. Feudal Pyramid • Power in feudal system much like a pyramid, with king at the top • Kings served by nobles who are served by knights; peasants at bottom • Knights—horsemen—defend their lord’s land in exchange for fiefs

30. Social Hierarchy

31. It’s a Pyramid Scheme • At the top is the king (the lord) • The vassals to the king are wealthy nobles • Below the wealthy nobles, are knights • A knight would then be a vassal to a wealthy nobleman • The knight would pledge his support to his lord (the wealthy nobleman) • At the bottom of the pyramid were the landless peasants referred to as serfs • A serf could not legally leave his lord’s estate • Even though they were bound to the land serfs were not slaves

33. Social Classes • Status determined a person’s prestige and power • People were placed into 3 groups: 1) Those who fought- nobles and knights 2) Those who prayed- men and women of church 3) Those who worked- the peasants • Social class was usually inherited

34. Serfs • Majority of people in Europe were peasants • Most peasants were serfs • Serfs were people who couldn’t lawfully leave the place where they were born • Even though they were bound to the land, they were not slaves • Lords could not buy or sell them

35. Feudalism: Life in a Castle

36. Manor • The manor was the lords estate • The manor system was the basic economic arrangement • Lord provided the serfs and peasants with housing, strips of farmland and protection from bandits

38. Map of a Manor

39. Self Sufficient Manor • Everything needed for daily life was produced on the manor: *crops *fuel *cloth *leather goods *lumber

40. The only outside purchases were salt, iron and a few unusual objects like millstones- stones used to grind flour

41. Feudalism: Relationships

42. Peasant Life on the Manor • Since it was considered a privilege to live on the manor, peasants paid a high price • Paid a tax on all grain ground on the lord’s mill • Was considered a crime to avoid paying taxes • Paid a tax on marriage- weddings could only take place with the lord’s consent • All peasant families had to pay a tithe (church tax) to the village priest (10% of income)

43. Serfs and peasants lived in cottages with only 1 or 2 rooms • Would warm their dirt floor by bringing pigs inside • Families would huddle together on pile of straw crawling with insects to stay warm

44. Simple Diet • Peasant diets consisted of: *vegetables *coarse brown bread *grain *cheese *soup

45. Serfs accepted their way of life, and viewed it as part of church teachings • Believed God determined a person’s place in society

46. Vocab Activity • Write the definition of each vocabulary word in FULL sentences. You can find the definitions in your book starting on page 303. • Next, use the word in a full sentence that YOU created, not taken out of the book or from a partner. • Must be done at the end of class • NO PARTNERS!!!!