Energy Footprint in Water Treatment

1. Energy Footprint in Water Treatment Thierry MALLET CEO Degrémont 11/03/2014

2. Context and Challenge: Energy requirements for water services WATER UF SLUDGE DRYING WATER CONV WATER DESAL [RO] 1.7 + 0.8 * 1 6 0.2 + 0.2 + 5 0.2 0.1 +0,5 + 0,8 * 0.5 Easy reminder: 1 kwhelectricity = 0,3 liter of oil * 1 kwh thermal = 0,1 liter of oil > DEGREMONT- Water Forum 2009

3. Context and Challenge: Enhanced treatments require more [kwh/m3] • Increasing demand (demography…) • Depleted fresh water resources • Deteriorating water quality • Increasingly strict regularory frameworks -> application ofwater treatment techniques which consume more energy • There is a dilemma between the energy consumption and the quality of treated water, which represents a major challenge for water industries and public authorities > DEGREMONT- Water Forum 2009

4. Example: Drinking water / waste water & Reuse Macao Jumeirah Golf Estates (UAE) > DEGREMONT- Water Forum 2009

5. R&D helps to lower energy requirements: desalination with RO 12 11,8 10 8 8 6 5 4 3,2 2 2,3 < 2 0 1970 1980 1990 2000 2006 2010 The technological advances achieved through the Research & Development process have allowed energy efficiency of reverse osmosis to be improved by a third over each consecutive ten-year period. Start of RO “PeltonTurbine” High efficiency Engines and pumps Low energy RO elements with improved salt discharge Efficient system for energy recovery Electricity Consumption / kwh/m3 General optimization : better engines efficiency Better permeability of membranes > DEGREMONT- Water Forum 2009

6. Ways of improvement1. Choice of treatment lines 2. Optimisation of process 11/03/2014

7. The choice of treatment line impacts significatively on energy demand RE-USE Industry Irrigation Domestic • Reuse is less energy-intensive than many conventional solutions • Reuse is useful in non-coastal areas and has multiple uses • BUT reuse needs water as raw material… > DEGREMONT- Water Forum 2009

8. Energy consumption can be optimized through the choice of a mixed system Complementary ressources Drinking water Irrigation Desalination Re-use Industry • Conventional treatments • Non-conventional treatments (alternative resources) > DEGREMONT- Water Forum 2009

9. Examples of mixed systems Salina Cruz (Mexico) Desalination Industrial re-use Municipal re-use Global Water Management inPimpama, Australia > DEGREMONT- Water Forum 2009

10. Ways of improvement1. Choice of treatment line2. Optimisation of process 11/03/2014

11. Optimisation through design and innovation Taking energy performance into account in the choices of design and in the innovation policy boosts good energy practices and improvements Engineering and Construction: • Energy efficiency systems (variable-speed drives, turbining,…) • Generation and use of renewable energy (biogas, hydraulic, wind, solar…) • Sludge re-use for energy production Innovation for now and tomorrow- some examples: • Improvement of desalination performances: .Division by 6 of energy consumption since 1970 .Nuclear/solar desalination .New processes (direct osmosis…) • « Degrés Bleus »: waste waters contain energy. The heat of water can be recovered thanks to an available, simple and ecological technology > DEGREMONT- Water Forum 2009

12. Energy Efficiency at Perth RO Desalination Plant Plant with the lowest electricity consumption (≈ 3 kWh/m3) • Energy recovery from the waste brine stream is accomplished using ERI Pressure exchangers which recover more than 95% of the energy from the waste energy • Powered with electricity generated by a Wind Farm constructed by the WA Water Corporation: 48 Turbines which can provide 180-200% of desalination plant consumption > DEGREMONT- Water Forum 2009

13. As Samra- on the way to energy autonomy in wastewater treatment • The plant is autonomous up to nearly 95% • The equipments for electricity generation installed at As Samra are: 2 Francis Turbines (850 kW) on treated water 2 Pelton Turbines (900 kW) on raw water 6 Gas turbines powered by digestion biogas(1000kW) • Those equipments are connected to the high voltage (11 kV) internal grid in which the energy generated is injected, allowing for a reduction of the plant’s electrical consumption > DEGREMONT- Water Forum 2009

14. Constraints and perspectives 11/03/2014

15. It is essential to have the right tools in order to make the right choices • Concerning energy performances, tools exist and are available, used by plants’ operators to : • Assess the energy efficiency of the plant • Monitor all facilities and services equipement regularly • Local or remote treatment of energy consumption data • However, appropriate tools are needed to: • Measure the global environmental impact • Orient research and innovation • Compare, oriente and chose between several treatment solutions • Available tools today: • Focus on energy consumption • Lack some criteria, which can influence greatly the environmental footprint (i.e. N2O from azote biological treatment, GWP=310) There exist no stabilized, commonly accepted and recognized tool concerning water treatment activities > DEGREMONT- Water Forum 2009

16. Conclusion 11/03/2014

17. Energy consumption is today’s big challenge in water treatment. It can be addressed through: • The choice of a mixed system (conventional treatment, desalination, reuse...) • The optimisation within each treatment line, thanks to a specific design and a distinctive innovation policy • However, in the long run, is energy the real and only challenge? • Energy is only one aspect of the overall environmental impact of water treatment installations • It is important to go further, towards Carbon Footprinting and Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) approaches. There is an urgent need to stabilise methods to measure the environmental footprint of water treatment, in order to reshape innovation and develop new and meaningful treatment solutions > DEGREMONT- Water Forum 2009

18. Thank youQuestions? 11/03/2014