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Tariffs and Nullification

Explore the escalating sectional tensions in the United States, driven by economic disparities and rising political power struggles between the industrial North, agrarian South, and frontier West. Discover the controversial debates surrounding protective tariffs, the Tariff of Abominations, Nullification Crisis, and the Force Bill, ultimately leading to a compromise proposed by Henry Clay. Learn about key figures such as VP Calhoun and Andrew Jackson and their roles in the pivotal Hayne-Webster Debate.

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Tariffs and Nullification

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  1. Tariffs and Nullification SectionalismIndustrial North (pro business, trade, and tariffs), Agrarian South (cash crops, slavery, anti-tariffs) Frontier West (cheap land, internal improvements)Sectional differences were increasing over economicsand political power-- slavery in the south and manufacturing in the north--*favoritism in congress

  2. Tariffs Protective tariffs (taxes on imported products) were welcomed in the north and despised in the south- southern states viewed tariffs as favoring the Northern business elite Tariff of Abominations- an 1828 tax on imported wool with extremely high rates—the south had had enough States’ Rights became a serious issue, as South Carolina and VP Calhoun began to consider nullification

  3. States’ Rights Doctrine- since each state voluntarily entered and therefore makes up the union, they should have powers equal to or greater than the federal government Nullification- ignoring or rejecting a law deemed unfair Nullification Act- South Carolina law which said the 1828 Tariff of Abominations and the 1832 tariff were null, void, and non-binding to the state Nullification Crisis- Calhoun resigns as Vice President, officially declares the States’ Rights Doctrine, and South Carolina threatens to secede

  4. Hayne-Webster Debate- Daniel Webster sternly announces that, “liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable”-individual states can’t just “come and go” from the union, nor can they pick and choose which laws to follow Force Bill- Jackson calls on federal troops to prepare to invade South Carolina as a way to enforce the tariff Henry Clay proposes a compromise where the tariff will decrease gradually over time- both sides reluctantly agree Jackson’s Response to the Crisis

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