By : Angel, Joselyn and Alex

1. Muscular System By :Angel, Joselyn and Alex

2. Table Of Contents • The role of the muscular system in the human body #3 • Major organs in the muscular system # 4/5 • How the organs work together #6 • How the muscular system connected to the other system #7 • Levels of organization in humans #8,9 • Common diseases that affect the muscular system #10 • How to maintain a healthy system #11 • 2 professions that work with the muscular system #12 • Did you know facts #13/14 • References #15

3. Role Of The Muscular System The role of the muscular system in the human body is that the muscular system mainly controls movement. It gives us the ability to move our limbs and bones. This system also holds our body together ( for example the skeletal muscle attaches onto the bones and holds them in place). The muscles are 40 % of our entire body weight.

4. Major organs in the muscular system The muscular system is made up of three types of muscle: • Smooth muscle • Cardiac muscle • Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Smooth muscle if found in the walls of the stomach, urinary bladder, and in the bronco of the lungs. The smooth muscle has no striations therefor we cannot control the muscle with our own will. The smooth muscle functions to propel substances along definite tracks. Smooth cells are spiral shaped and are arrayed in layers. They change their size and shape when they contract and relax.

5. Skeletal Muscle Skeletal muscle is striped, long, large and cigar shaped. Skeletal muscle is voluntary because it is the only muscle conscious to our constant control. The skeletal muscle holds the skeleton in place. The skeletal muscle bends and straightens the parts of the body to help you move. Cardiac Muscle Cardiac muscle is ONLY found in the heart. This muscle is striated and involuntary. Cardiac cells are cushioned by small amounts of connective tissue. Cardiac muscle is arranged in a spiral, branching cells that form tight junctions. Cardiac muscle allows the heart activity to be closely coordinated. It also ensures hearts efficiency as a pump that regulates the heart rate

6. HOW THESE ORGANS WORK TOGETHER The cardiac muscle helps the heart to pump the blood into the bloodstream and into the circulatory system. Then smooth muscle contracts and propels the blood flow to all the arteries, muscles, cells and organs that need blood. The smooth muscle cells carry or direct the blood on a definite track. All of out veins have a little or no amount of smooth cells, so our blood must go up against the gravity to get back to the heart. This is done with much help from the skeletal muscle cells. When the skeletal muscle contract the blood is pushed upward towards the heart

7. Muscular system connected to other systems Circulatory system The heart is the only organ that contains cardiac muscle. The cardiac muscle is branching cells that form tight junctions, allowing the heart to be closely coordinated. This also ensures the hearts efficiency . The cardiac muscle also helps to pump the blood therefore the muscular system is connected to the circulatory system. Digestive system The movement of food through the digestive system is “house keeping” done by smooth muscle cells, from the muscular system. The smooth cells propel the food through the digestive system in a definite track or pathway. Therefore the muscular system and the digestive system are connected

8. Levels of organization in the human body System: muscular system-the muscular system has one organ; the heart and is responsible for the body's movement. Organ: heart – the heart is made up of cardiac muscle and smooth muscles along with others Tissue: cardiac muscle tissue-is made up of long tube like cells that are joined at the ends. Cell: cardiac muscle cells- the cells are joined end to end, and are like long tubes with a nucleus in the center of the cell.

9. Diseases of the muscular system Muscular Dystrophy Muscular dystrophy is caused by errors in your genes that have to do with muscle function. It is a genetic disorder. The effects of this disorder is progressive weakness. It takes away your control of the voluntary muscles. Then muscle tissue weakens and wastes away, being replaced by fatty and connective tissue. This also damages muscle fibers, and takes away your mobility and coordination There is no cure for this disease yet, and treatment or medicines only slows the process Cerebral Palsy Cerebral Palsy impacts your posture, it takes away your balance and motor functions. Your muscles no longer function. Cerebral Palsy also breaks down your nervous system. This disease cannot be cured , variety of treatment can only help with symptoms and improve quality of life, physical treatment is the main treatment to help minimize symptoms

10. Maintaning a healthy muscular system Maintaining a healthy muscular system starts with a healthy diet. Muscles convert glucose into energy in to their energy source. Eating fruit, dairy and carbohydrates such as whole grains provide your body with sugars that your muscles use as energy. Protein is also needed for a strong and healthy muscular system. Such as meats like fish beef are all apart of proteins. You also need to exercise to use up the energy instead of storing it and it becoming fat.

11. Professions that work with the muscular system CHIROPRACTOR A chiropractor is a professional that works with the muscular system. A chiropractor relives pain caused by your muscles ( mostly skeletal muscle). A chiropractor applies pressure to reline your spine. Also to help muscles and their problems. a chiropractor usually would work in a doctors office or a home business, more like a clinic. MASSEUSE A masseuse is also another profession that works with the muscular system. A masseuse would relax your muscles to reduce stress, apply techniques to make your muscles feel good. A masseuse would usually work in spas

12. Interesting facts • Under the surface of the outer layer of skin ( epithelial cells) the body is covered in around 600 muscle cells. • Triggered by the messages sent from the brain the muscles ( often working in what are known as antagonistic pairs) work to make all of our movement. • Muscles in all forms, is one of the most remarkable tissues in the body. They take up almost HALF of our whole body mass. They have a unique characteristic that makes them different from any other tissue; the contract and change their shape( shorten or stretch)

13. Interesting facts • The muscular system does not have organs but three distinct muscles. 5. When muscles are herd people often think “movement”; but the mobility of the body as a whole reflects only on the skeletal muscles. Skeletal muscles are the only muscles that we can control.

14. References • Essentials Of Human Anatomy written by laine N.Marieb • Inner Body [www.innerbody.com] • Muscle lab (smooth muscle picture) medical.med.yale.edu • Britannia kids (cardiac muscle picture) http://kids.britannica.com/elementry/art- 88214/cardiac-muscle-is-in-the-heart • Jillian Michaels, maintaining a healthy muscular system [http://getfit.JillianMicheals.com • /maintail-healthy-system-1048.htm • Chubby dream team [ www.chubydreamteam://excercise.com] exercise picture • Spine associates [http://balmainchiropractor.com.au] chiropractor picture • Total beauty [http://images.totalbeautycom/photos/massage] massage picture • Innerbody.Com cardiac muscle tissue/interactive anatomy guide • http://histotogyolmstevegallik.org cardiac muscle[histotogyolm.stevegallik.org • http://healthdecide.orcahealth.com/2012/10/01keeping-your-heart-healthy/#.upntj8vb-1s • http://faculty.icytech.eda/~jrosentr/anp/gally/week..009-1.htm/week