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Plants – Where Do They Get Their Energy?

Plants – Where Do They Get Their Energy?. Plant Cells (Chapter 7) & Photosynthesis (Chapter 8). Vocabulary. Cell Cell Theory Cell Membrane Cell Wall Nucleus Cytoplasm Organelle Chloroplast. Autotroph Heterotroph Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Photosynthesis Pigment Chlorophyll

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Plants – Where Do They Get Their Energy?

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  1. Plants – Where Do They Get Their Energy? Plant Cells (Chapter 7) & Photosynthesis (Chapter 8)

  2. Vocabulary • Cell • Cell Theory • Cell Membrane • Cell Wall • Nucleus • Cytoplasm • Organelle • Chloroplast • Autotroph • Heterotroph • Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) • Photosynthesis • Pigment • Chlorophyll • Thylakoid • Stroma

  3. Plant Cell - Review Chapter 7

  4. What are Cells? • Recall the 3 Parts of the Cell Theory. • 1. All living things are made up of cells. • 2. Cells are the basic units of life. • 3. Cells are made from pre-existing cells.

  5. Basic Cell Structure • The following 3 structures are common to ALL cells, whether plant or animal: • 1. Cell Membrane/Cell Wall • Support and protect • 2. Nucleus • Contains cell’s genetic material • Control center • 3. Cytoplasm • Material inside the cell

  6. Plant Cells • Name 3 structures or organelles that are unique to plant cells. • 1. Cell Wall • Provides support and protection. • 2. Chloroplast • Use energy from sun to make food molecules in a process called Photosynthesis. • 3. Vacuoles • Stores water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. • Allows plants to support heavy structures such as leaves or flowers.

  7. Plant Cell - Review

  8. Chloroplast Structure • Photosynthesis takes place inside the chloroplast. • Structures: • Thylakoid: disc-like structures, contain chlorophyll and other pigments • Granum: a stack of thylakoids • Stroma: Space around thylakoids

  9. Photosynthesis Chapter 8

  10. The Sun – Think About It… • How is the sun the ultimate source of energy for all living things? • What does the sun (or light) do to help all living things (plants, animals, humans, microorganisms)?

  11. Energy • Cells use energy to carry out the functions of life. • They make new molecules, reproduce, build organelles and membranes, and to maintain homeostasis.

  12. Energy • Energy is essential to life! • Plants (autotrophs) are able to trap light energy from the sun • Other organisms (heterotrophs) cannot use sunlight directly, so they must get their energy from food sources. • The energy molecule that organisms use is called adenosine triphosphate or ATP.

  13. Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis is the process that uses energy from the sun to make carbohydrates. • The chloroplast is the organelle in plant cells that captures light from the sun. • The chloroplast contains a pigment chlorophyll, a molecule that absorbs wavelengths from the sun.

  14. Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O + light C6H12O6 + 6O2

  15. PhotosynthesisPhase I: Light Dependent Reaction • DEPENDS ON LIGHT! • Occurs in the thylakoids (i.e. the “poker chips”) • Requires light and water to convert solar energy into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH). • The solar energy from light is used to split the water molecules, releasing oxygen (hydrolysis). 6CO2 + 6H2O + light C6H12O6 + 6O2

  16. PhotosynthesisPhase II: Light Independent Reaction • AKA “The Calvin Cycle” • DOES NOT NEED LIGHT!!! • Occurs in the stroma (i.e. the fluid) of the chloroplast. • This phase uses carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, and the ATP and NADPH from phase I to make glucose (sugar). • This glucose can be used as an energy source 6CO2 + 6H2O + light C6H12O6 + 6O2

  17. Importance of Photosynthesis • Plants produce food for themselves and for other organisms through photosynthesis. • Both plant cells and animal cells release the energy stored in sugars through cellular respiration. • Cellular respiration, which uses the oxygen that is a waste product of photosynthesis, is the process that makes most of the ATP used by plant and animal cells. • Provides materials for plant growth and development (i.e. starch and cellulose). • Removes carbon dioxide from Earth’s atmosphere.

  18. Factors Affecting Photosynthesis • Light Intensity • As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases UNTIL a certain point. • Carbon Dioxide Levels • As amount of carbon dioxide increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases. • Temperature • Increasing temperature accelerates the chemical reactions involved. • As temperature increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases UNTIL a certain point.

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