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Absolutism – England 16.3

Absolutism – England 16.3. Protestants who sought to purify the church of Catholic practices. The first Stuart monarch. The leader of the Roundheads and the New Model Army. Government whose power is defined and limited by law. This king was tried and executed by his own people.

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Absolutism – England 16.3

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  1. Absolutism – England16.3

  2. Protestants who sought to purify the church of Catholic practices. • The first Stuart monarch. • The leader of the Roundheads and the New Model Army. • Government whose power is defined and limited by law. • This king was tried and executed by his own people. a. Oliver Cromwell e. Charles I b. William Laud f. Constitutional c. James I g. Limited d. Charles II h. Puritan

  3. The problems in England revolved around power struggles between Parliament and the monarchy. Religion also a source of conflict. What did each claim as their basis for control? English Problems

  4. Queen Elizabeth’s death led to the Stuarts ascending the throne. King James Stuart. Divine right ruler, problems with Parliament (religious) as well as philosophical. Problems in England

  5. Religious Issuesp. 517 • James I – Calvinist/Presbyterian • England – Anglican • Dissenters – differed from Anglican Church • ex. Puritans • What did the Puritans believe? What were their goals?

  6. Charles I (1625) • Prison w/o trial • Needed money • “Petition of Right” by Parliament forced on King. • Not tax w/out Pmt. • Can’t impose martial law in peacetime. What did Charles I do?

  7. Ignored the Petition of Right -it was contradiction of absolute monarchy. Angered Scots and Parliament (Laud, prayer book) Started revolt in Scotland, with whom does Charles need to consult with? Long Parliament – 1640 -1653 -executed Laud -declared Parliament could not be dissolved -Charles used troops to arrest leaders (1642); who raised own army Outcome of Charles

  8. Civil War • What happened? • Civil War (1642-1649) between loyalists (Cavaliers) and Parliament supporters (Roundheads) • Rise of Oliver Cromwell and the NMA

  9. Civil War and Cromwell • Captured Charles and tried for treason and executed - Significance? • Cromwell’s rule. • Military dictator (sent parliament home) • Puritan (no fun) • Catholic persecution • Irish (catholic) treatment • Commonwealth (Republic) – Cromwell the Lord Protector (1653) Ended with death in 1658

  10. Execution of the King

  11. Charles II (Charles I’s son) voted into power with limitations placed by parliament (1660) – Merry Monarch James II – Catholic, younger bro of Charles II Problems with James -Open Catholic -appointed Catholics - Acted absolutist Restoration p.520-521

  12. Mary - daughter of James II married to William the Orange III from Netherlands. 1688 overthrew James with little bloodshed. James flees to France. William and Mary and the Glorious Revolution

  13. Limited Monarchyp.521-522 • Constitution or legislative body limits monarch • Move away from absolutism to constitutional monarchy(gov’t power is defined and limited by law) . • Cabinet members (Prime Minister) -where did the term “cabinet” come from? • Toleration Act 1689: freedom of religion (except Catholics) • Bill of Rights 1689 (only Anglicans can hold office) • Freedom of speech in Pmt. • No taxes w/out Pmt. Approval • No standing army in peacetime -Habeas Corpus

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