Approaches to treatment and therapy

1. Approaches to treatment and therapy

2. Biological Treatments

3. Biological treatment[p406] • Attempting to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering the way an individual’s body functions. • Psychopharmacology: The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

4. Drug therapy(medication) • The most common form of biological treatment. • 4 Main Classes of Drugs Antipsychotic drugs: Diminish agitated behavior, reduce tension, decrease hallucinations and delusions, and help regulate sleep [p406] Antianxiety drugs (tranquilizers): Reduce anxiety by making individuals less excitable and more calm [p407] Antidepressent drugs: Regulate mood [p407] Lithium carbonate: Used to treat bipolar disorder[p408]

5. Psychosurgery [p410] • Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior • Lobotomy: A now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients

6. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) [p411] • A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

7. The Psychological Therapies

8. Psychotherapy [p412] • An emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties

9. Psychodynamic therapies [p412] • the unconscious mind • early childhood experiences • therapist interpretation

10. Psychoanalysis [p412] Psychoanalysis A method of psychotherapy developed by Freud emphasizing the exploration of unconscious motives and conflicts Free associationIn psychoanalysis, a method of uncovering unconscious conflicts by saying freely whatever comes to mind Dream analysis The technique used by psychoanalysts to interpret a person’s dreams

11. Interpretation • In psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors in order to promote insight • TransferenceThe patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent) [p412]

12. Behavior therapy[p413] • Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behavior

13. Systematic desensitization [p414] • A type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli ++

14. Aversive conditioning • A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol) + = 

15. Cognitive therapy [p415] • Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting by: • Examining the evidence for beliefs. • Considering other explanations for the behavior of other people. • Identifying assumptions and biases.

16. Humanist therapies [p416] • Encourage people to understand themselves and to grow personally • Client-centered therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting environment to facilitate clients’ growth • Unconditional positive regard improves self-esteem. • The therapist’s role must be non-directive.

17. Conducted by a licensed therapist: Individual therapy Group therapy Family therapy Couple therapy Conducted by group members: Self-help support groups Therapy Formats

18. Eclectic approach • An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy

19. chapter 12 Successful therapy depends on therapeutic alliance[p419]

20. Guidelines for Seeking Help • Identify the professional’s credentials • When starting therapy, give it some time before judging its usefulness • Be a thoughtful and careful consumer of mental health services.