Chapter 21 Civil War Battles / Politics and End

1. Chapter 21Civil War Battles / Politics and End 1861-1865

2. BATTLES / *___________ • North: The Civil War would last no longer than 90s days (wrong) ________________________________ • 30 miles south of ____________________________ • If successful – promotion of Union Army (could possibly lead to the capture of the Confederate Capital of Richmond, VA. / proves secession was discredited - destroyed the _______________________ - _____________________ victory - _____________________________(Confederate Leader) - Union thought it was going to be VERY EASY to defeat the Confederacy Importance: • showed each side how important it was to “______________” and have a “________________” • proved it will be “_______________________” (90 day theory) • The war took a ______________________________ *Southerners – _________________ *(Winning may not be beneficial) *Northerners – losing was good!? *(______________________________)

3. “________ George” ______________ and the __________________ • George McClellan (From West point) was appointed to “______” the Union (__________________) • Problem: ____________________________! • Lincoln: claimed he wanted to “borrow the army” to advance it himself to Richmond, VA if McClellan wouldn’t • Lincoln said McClellan had “the slows” and urged him to MOVE! • Problem: _______________ • Goal: from the Anaconda Plan – ________________________________ McClellan: FINALLY moves toward Richmond, VA with his Water-borne campaign : ____________(1862) TURNING POINT IN PENINSULA CAMPAIGN: ________________________________________ And focus on Robert E. Lee’s devastating counterattack at the ________________________________________

5. Capturing Richmond, VA • McClellan moves up the ________________ • TURNING POINT: Robert E. Lee attacks to “____________________________in the ___________________BATTLEand drove McClellan’s Peninsula Campaign back out to sea • MAJOR Confederate victory • Lincoln’s reaction:______________________

6. Union’s Official Plan takes Place ANACONDA PLAN • ___________________________ • _____________ (_________________) • Move down the __________________to split the Confederacy • Capture ________________________ • Divide and crush the South by marching through _________________________________ Created by: __________________(Mexican-American War hero) Why anaconda? It was slow in process – this plan lasted to the end of the war

7. Anaconda Plan

8. War at Sea • Northern “leaks” in the Southern Blockade (________________) - Smugglers (Blockade runners) brought goods into the South / jumped off in the Caribbean / had papers that sited Canada as the destination but had intensions to get into the South RESULT: ___________________________ _____________________(S) (renamed The Virginia )V. ___________________(N) birth of the “_____________________” – ships made with an iron exterior The Monitor and the Merrimack battled in _________________________. The Merrimack (Virginia) was chased away. TURNING POINT IN NAVAL HISTORY: • ______________________________________________ • _____________________________________________

10. 2nd Battle at _____and ____________________________ • Remember: Confederacy won the 1st one After the disastrous Peninsula Campaign (McClellan), ______________________REPLACED McClellan. • Robert E. Lee defeats Pope at the 2nd Bull Run battle and show the SOUTH IS WINNING! • Robert E. Lee’s “ego” gets to him and decides to invade ________, Maryland (1862) *__________________________________ LEE’s Possible Goal: _________________________________________________________ • Lincoln’s response: _______________________! (Social pressures) *Lee’s Plans - Cigars *McClellan is removed for the 2nd and FINAL time after Antietam

11. Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation After the victory at Antietam, Lincoln announces his plans to free the slaves in Confederate Territories and it will take place on _____________________ “Weapon of War” Reasons: • __________________________________________________________________________ (2) _________________________________________________________________________ Problem: a president can’t just “proclaim” something like this…the Union would HAVE to win the war for this to take place. Southern reaction: ANGER! (_______________________________________) Constitution supported slavery …. and will be changed with the 13th Amendment (abolition of slavery as a nation) 8 months after the Civil War was over in 1865

12. African Americans for the Union • Volunteers were scarce, African Americans were then allowed to fight for the Union (180,000) • *________________ Leader: ______________________ Location: _______________________ Attack: Ft. Wagner in S.C. in 1863 Massacre at ________________ - A.A. Union soldiers surrendered and were massacred after they surrendered to Confederate soldiers Battle cry: “Remember Ft. Pillow!”

13. Lee’s Last Lunge Lincoln appoint General A.E. _______ (Sideburns) to head the Army of the Potomac -_____________________, VA (1862) Nicknamed: Burnside’s Slaughter Pen (10,000 Union soldiers were killed) - ____________________, VA (1863) – Lee sent “Stonewall” Jackson to attack the Union *Confederate Victory - Stonewall Jackson gets shot by his own men “I have lost my right arm” - Lee

14. Battle of Gettysburg / War in the East • Gettysburg, PA • 3 day battle (July 1-3, 1863) • South won the first 2 days • North one the last day and the battle • Most noted battle: ________________, led by Robert E. Lee (15,000 troops in an open field) • *Gettysburg = __________________________ No more Southern victories after their loss at Gettysburg / “countdown clock has started”

15. Gettysburg Address • Autumn of 1863 • ____________________ • Delivered by Lincoln • 2 minutes speech • *Former President of Harvard spoke for 2 ½ hours before Lincoln • Point / Goal: - _________________________________________________________________________________

16. Vicksburg / War in the West • Union general: _________________(later president) will lead the Union charge Grant - West Point Grad - War hero of Mexican-American War - Drunk / made $50 a day in his father’s leather shop *** 1st victories: _____________________________________in Tennessee Vicksburg (1863): ___________________________Union victory at Gettysburg • Point / Goal: under the Anaconda Plan, splitting the Confederacy along the ________________________was a vital angle • Outcome: • Union Victory / gained _____________________ back from Confederate control and took out a pivotal area of ___________________________ • ____________________________________________________ *Vicksburg = Turning point in the _________________

17. Sherman Scorches the South • Anaconda Plan is working! General William Tecumseh Sherman will march across _________________________________________________________ • Started in Chattanooga, Tennessee and marched down to Atlanta, GA. Burnt it down and worked his way to Savannah, GA. “_______________________________________” - What was destroyed? EVERYTHING Farms, railroads, houses, crops, warehouses even civilians were not safe Main Focus: “__________” / “Shermanizing” the South *Starts in Chattanooga, Tennessee *Stops: Atlanta, GA / Savannah, GA / Columbia, SC / Bentonville, NC

19. Politics of War • Lincoln had his opposition ________________________– led by _________________________ - formed the Congressional Committee on __________________(formed in late 1861) - Main agenda: resent and fight against the promotion of ___________________________ Democrats in the North - lacked a leader (divided) “_____________________________” (supported Lincoln) vs. “_____________________________” (Supported McClellen) vs. “______________________” Copperheads: against ________________________– general support for the South Most famous Copperhead: Clement L. ___________________________ *Outspoken –tried to be Governor of Ohio – failure / sentenced on treasonous sedition in Ohio Literature in reaction ______________________________________(1863) by Philip Nolan Popular with the North – stimulated Northern devotion “Damn, the United States, I wish I may never hear of the United States again!” - Vallandigham Result:

20. How did Lincoln win in 1864 Election of 1864 (Rep.)Lincoln Platform: _____________________ v. (Dem.) McClellan: ______________________________ • Created the “_________” – combination of the Republican Party and the War Democrats (supported Lincoln’s war) • Famous Slogan: “____________________________” • Union won important battles in New Orleans and Atlanta 3 days before the ‘64 election

21. The End of the Civil War April of 1865, Gen. _________surrendered to Gen. ____________at ___________ Courthouse in Virginia. The Martyrdom of Lincoln Only a few days after the South's surrender, Lincoln was assassinated. He was shot by ______________________in the head while attending a play at Ford's Theatre in Washington. Southern / Peace Democrats reaction: (1) _____________________________. (2) Problem: The _________________who replaced Lincoln's authority were much __________________________________________

22. Post Civil War… • _____________________________________ 2. __________________ was erased from the United States (13) 3.It put the U.S. onto the _______________as a major player and set up the U.S. to soon be the _____________________. 4. What to do with ____________________________________ 5. What to do with the ______________(___________________________) President or _____________________?