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Chapter 14 The Civil War. The Deep South leaves the Union. South Carolina Dec 20 Mississippi Jan 9 Florida Jan 10 Alabama Jan 11 Georgia Jan 19 Louisiana Jan 26 Texas Feb 1. President Vice President.
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The Deep South leaves the Union South Carolina Dec 20 Mississippi Jan 9 Florida Jan 10 Alabama Jan 11 Georgia Jan 19 Louisiana Jan 26 Texas Feb 1
President Vice President Jefferson Alexander Davis Stephens
No state has the right to secede, but I have no authority to stop them
Crittenden’s Compromise Amendment to guarantee slavery south of 36 ° 30’ For all future territorial gains Rejected by Republicans
Confederates want all Federal property within their borders Two places they haven’t gotten: Fort Pickens - Pensacola Fort Sumter – South Carolina
Lincoln needs to get supplies to fort-will send only food South’s problem: Allow food & look like they are giving in Stop it & start war
Fort Sumter April 12, 1861 Charleston Harbor
Theories on Civil War *Charles Beard - 2nd American Revolution *James Randall - The Blundering Generation
North South Population 61% 39% RR mileage 66% 34% Farms 33% 67% Wealth Produces 25% 75% Factories 81% 19%
The North Produces: 32 times amount of Firearms 20 times Pig Iron 13 times Sheet Iron 11 times Ships 30 times Shoes/Boots 24 times Locomotives
ADVANTAGES South *Military Background *fight Defensive *Didn’t have to win North *More !!! *Established government
How the North paid for the War *Taxes – 1st income tax *Greenbacks– not backed by gold/silver 64 - 39% of gold 65 – 67% *Loans – bonds private $400 m Banks $2.6 b
How the South paid for the War *Taxes – only 5% *Printed Money At start 90% of gold 1863 6% 1865 < 1%
Inflation 1863 1865 $1 lb meat $5 $50 barrel flour $1000 Confederate private $11 per month
Manpower At start of war US Army has 16,000 men Congress calls for 500,000 volunteers for 3 years Some state units select officers
By 1863 North is forced to go to a draft Could hire a sub or pay $300 North will have 2 million in uniform
New York Draft Riots July 1863 ~100 killed
South will switch to draft in 1862 All white males 18-35 for 3 years Could also buy way out Have 900,000 serve
Transition to Modern War *Use of Railroad & Telegraph *Use of factories & transition to war economy *Rifle changes tactics
Enfield P53 Rifle Sharp’s 1859 Rifle
80 yards Musket 300 yards Rifle
Henry Carbine Spencer Carbine
Anaconda Plan *blockade the coast *control Mississippi River *capture key points
Lincoln has to pick a commander Winfield Scott too old and fat He recommends his old adjutant
1st Bull Run Manassas Junction July 21, 1861 PGT Beauregard & Joseph Johnston
John Pope Headquarters in the saddle
2nd Battle of Bull Run *Pope tries to catch Jackson *Longstreet surprises Pope *McClellan does nothing
Antietam *Lee moves North *Lost Order *Bloodiest day of war