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Joao Varela, LIP CERN Technology Day , FCUL 2 March 2017

Learn about the evolution of a Portuguese start-up through its collaboration with CERN, focusing on the development of advanced medical imaging technology from particle physics research. Discover the journey from creating particle detectors at LIP Laboratory to designing advanced PET scanners for cancer detection.

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Joao Varela, LIP CERN Technology Day , FCUL 2 March 2017

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  1. From Particle Physics toMedical ImagingHow a Portuguese start-up was bornfrom the collaboration withCERN Joao Varela, LIP CERN Technology Day, FCUL 2 March 2017

  2. The LHC proton collider

  3. Particle Physics @ LHC

  4. LIPLABORATORY OF INSTRUMENTATION AND PARTICLES LIP was created in 1986. Portugal joined CERN in 1985/1986 Research in Particle Physics and Associated Instrumentation. Three centers in Coimbra, Lisbon and Braga

  5. CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter Participation in the development of photon and electron detectors based on Scintillating Crystals (PbWO4) and Avalanche Photodiodes (APD)

  6. Electron and photon detection • Design Goal: Measure the energies of photons from a decay of the Higgs boson to precision of ≤ 0.5% • High energy photons at LHC • fifty thousand million times more energetic than light photons • we call them g (gamma) • Crystal: absorbs gamma; coverts energy in light • APD: coverts light in electrical signal PbWO4 scintillating crystals & avalanche photodiodes (APD)

  7. ECAL Data Acquisition System • Electronics on the detector close to APD • Optical fibers • Electronics off-detector 100 m away Developed by LIP

  8. Positron Emission Tomography PET scanner = ring of detectors Medical imaging technology for cancer detection • The patient is injected a drug labeled by a positron emitting isotope • The positron annihilates into two back to back gamma rays • PET scanner is a ring of detectors • Two opposite detectors define a line • A large number of such detection lines allows to reconstruct the 3D spatial distribution of the drug Gammas in PET are two hundred thousand times more energetic than photons in visible light

  9. The ClearPEM scanner

  10. Detector technology • Crystals • Material: LYSO:Ce • Density: 7.4g.cm-3 • Emission Peak: 420nm • Avalanche Photodiodes • Operating Voltage: 350-450V • Gain ~ 150 • Array 4x8 pixels

  11. Detector electronics Characteristics Technology: CMOS 0.35μm Area: 70mm2 Input: 192 channels Max Input Charge: 90 fC Noise: ENC ~ 1300 e- Peaking time: 20ns Analog Memories: 10 samples Clock Frequency: 50-100MHz Power: 3.6 mW/channel

  12. Detector and frontend electronics Detector modules Two detector plates Frond End Electronic Boards

  13. Detector heads integration 3 2 1 1 4 6 5 4

  14. ClearPEM scanner

  15. ClearPEM performance • Spatial resolution : 1.3 mm 2.5 mm 2.0 mm 3.0 mm 1.5 mm 1.2 mm

  16. Colon tumor detection • FDG scan • A = 1,2 mCi • Weight = 180g • Colon tumor Colon tumor

  17. Bilateral breast cancer FDG activity is concentrated in the periphery of the tumor Small lesion seen in PEM, but not in the whole body PET

  18. Clinical case: multifocal breast cancer • PEM: • Multifocal Lesions are observed • Strong impact on surgery planning Coronal Sagittal

  19. Clinical case: multifocal breast cancer PET/CT exam Resolution is insufficient to identify multiple focus Tumor Lymph Node PET Whole Body PET/ CT Fused

  20. Time resolution allows a dramatic improvement in PET images Time-of-Flight PET TOF-PET 100 ps = 1.5 cm 100 picoseconc = 10-10s = 1/10000000000 s

  21. Photo-detectors Avalanche photodiode (APD) Photomultiplier tube (PMT) Silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) SiPM Technology evolution

  22. TOF-PET microelectronics SiPM readout from analog frontend to digital system interface • 2 x 64 channels in 7 x 7 mm2 • Positive or negative signal polarity • Time and Energy measurement • Optimized for low power • Digital I/O • On-chip calibration circuitry 128-ch SiP Two 64-channel chips assembled back-to-back

  23. High-resolution Detector Module • Excellent performance confirmed in lab tests • Joint patent PETsys-CERN

  24. TOFPET electronics boards PET detector based on the TOFPET ASIC allows building the very compact PET detector. TOFPET ASIC ~ 2.5 x 5 cm 128 channels Detector Module LYSO 3x3 mm2 SiPM connectors

  25. Allows building a PET scanner with several 10'000 channels 1024 channels 128 channels x 12 x 8

  26. Successful technology spin-off: • PETsys is now widely known as a supplier of high-performance electronics and detectors based on SiPMs. • Interplay between CERN, LIP and PETsys has been very useful for all parties

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