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Osamu Yogi 1,2 , Tomonori Kawakami 2 , and Akira Mizuno 1

August 31, 2004, 5 th EHD International Workshop (Poitiers, France). Properties of Droplet Formation made by Cone Jet using a Novel Capillary with an External Electrode. Osamu Yogi 1,2 , Tomonori Kawakami 2 , and Akira Mizuno 1 1 Toyohashi University of Technology,

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Osamu Yogi 1,2 , Tomonori Kawakami 2 , and Akira Mizuno 1

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  1. August 31, 2004,5th EHD International Workshop (Poitiers, France) Properties of Droplet Formation made by Cone Jet using a Novel Capillary with an External Electrode Osamu Yogi 1,2, Tomonori Kawakami 2, and Akira Mizuno 1 1Toyohashi University of Technology, 2Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.

  2. Agenda • 1. Introduction. • Droplet formation using Cone-Jet Mode • 2. How to improve the Instabilty. • Use of the capillary with an external electrode. • 3. Experiments. • Properties of the cone shape • Accuracy of the droplet position. • 4. More advanced Application of Cone-Jet Spotting. • 5. Conclusion

  3. Yeast Genome Chip. P. O. Brown Lab., Stanford University. Pen Type Inkjet Type 1. Introduction 1-1. Microarray required in analytical chemistry. Key Technology • On-Demand Droplet Spotting. • High-Sensitive Photo Detection.

  4. Fabricating High-Density Microarray. Improving the Throughput. 1-2. What does microarray analysis need? Distance between Spots. ~200 mm Mismatch Spatial Resolution of Optical Measurement. ~mm order

  5. Capillary Taylor Cone Coulomb Force 1-3. Droplet formation using Cone-Jet Mode. • Features • Thin jet from the cone.  Extremely Small Droplet Cone-Jet Spotting (CJS)

  6. 1-4. Microarray fabrication using CJS. Coulomb Force • Droplet Volume :pL ~ fL order  High-Density Microarray. Unstability of the jet .  Low accuracy of the droplet position Problem

  7. Glass Capillary 2. How to improve the unstable jet. 2-1. Use of capillary with an external electrode. External Electrode Insulation Area V1, V2 : Simultaneously applied. VE = V2– V1 : Bias Voltage

  8. VE (=V2-V1) > 0 Formation of the electric field to squeeze Taylor Cone. Additional Electric Field Coulomb Force 2-2. How does the External Electrode work? Reduction of the Instability of the jet formation.

  9. 3. Experiments 3-1. Time course of droplet formation. Sample : Deionized Water, Substrate : Quartz with ITO Layer External Electrode V1 = 600 V VE = 100 V Pulse Width : 5 ms V1 = 600 V Pulse Width : 5 ms Mirror Image 20 mm 20 mm Capillary with the External Electrode Normal Capillary

  10. 3-2. Time course of droplet formation : Digest. The Jet 0 ms 1 ms 3 ms 5 ms Along with the axis of the capillary. Capillary with External Electrode Sometimes disturbed. Normal Capillary

  11. qC hC 3-3. Characteristics of the cone shape. Normal Capillary 47.9° Normal Capillary 8.9 mm Increase in VE qC, hC increase.

  12. qC hC : Coulomb Force 3-4. Action of VE on the Taylor Cone. Normal Capillary Capillary with External Electrode VE = 0 V VE = 100 V More squeezed with the increase in VE

  13. The jet was stabilized by the squeeze of Taylor Cone. The accuracy was improved with the increase in VE. 3-5. Accuracy of the droplet position. Normal Capillary 2.5 mm sP : Standard Deviation of D

  14. 200 mm 10 mm 90 mm 90 mm 3-6. Fabrication of high-density microarray. Conventional Using Capillary with External Electrode Sample : DNA Solution (600 bp) Fluorescence Image of YOYO-1

  15. Pulse Voltage Pulse Voltage Coulomb Force Coulomb Force Initial Droplet 4. More advanced application of CJS. 4-1. Mixing inside a single droplet on a substrate. Mixing ratio is controllable by adjusting the pulse width and height.

  16. Applicable to Combinatorial Chemistry, Drug Screening, Printing 4-2. Microarray with gradient concentration Fluorescence images from the identical microarray. Fluorescein (green) Rhodamine B (orange) 50 mm 50 mm

  17. 5. Conclusion • Use of the capillary with the external electrode,  Taylor Cone was squeezed.  The jet was stabilized. • Accuracy of the droplet position. 2.5 mm (normal capillary)  1.1 mm. in Standard Deviation • Great contribution to applications of Cone-Jet Spotting.

  18. 3. Experiment 3-1 Sample preparation. • Dye solutions having High Viscosity. Viscosity of Water : 1.002 x 10-3 Pa·s.

  19. Time course of the mixing. Capillary-2 Fluorescein Capillary-1 Rhodamine B

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