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RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION. the Bolsheviks. small Marxist group wanted to change life in Russia leader = Vladimir Lenin goal = overthrow czar. the Bolsheviks. if czar was overthrown, industrial workers could govern Russia. Russia & WWI.

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RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

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  1. RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

  2. the Bolsheviks • small Marxist group • wanted to change life in Russia • leader = Vladimir Lenin • goal = overthrow czar

  3. the Bolsheviks • if czar was overthrown, industrial workers could govern Russia

  4. Russia & WWI • Czar Nicholas II hoped war would unite Russia & stop talk of revolution • patriotism increased rapidly

  5. Russia & WWI • Russia was not ready for war • Russia lacked: • factories/supplies • transportation system • modern equipment • competent military leaders

  6. Conditions Worsen • 1915 Nicholas II took command of Russian military • if Russia failed in WWI, so would Nicholas II

  7. Conditions Worsen • food & other goods grew scarce • peasants grew desperate • Nicholas II went to war • left Czarina Alexandra in charge (unpopular) • Alexandra took advice from Grigory Rasputin (corrupt/immoral)

  8. Revolution Begins • March 8, 1917 Petrograd, Russia • unhappy citizens marched • police & soldiers were sympathetic • the Duma (Russia’s legislature) defied Nicholas II • March 15, 1917 Nicholas II forced to abdicate

  9. Temporary Government • Duma established temporary government • Aleksandr Kerensky was leader • many Russians didn’t like this government • Bolsheviks wanted basic changes • Lenin was still leader

  10. Bolshevik Revolution • mid-1917 Kerensky’s government still fighting Central Powers in WWI • Russian army was weak & collapsed • November 1917  Bolshevik Red Guard attacked Kerensky’s government

  11. Bolshevik Revolution • Kerensky’s government didn’t put up much of a fight • Lenin established radical communist program • private ownership = illegal • land redistributed to peasants

  12. After the Revolution • Lenin wanted to end involvement in war • Leon Trotsky was sent to negotiate with Central Powers • Russia lost much land to Central Powers because of lack of strong military

  13. Civil War • some Russians disliked the negotiations & their results • opponents of Bolsheviks = “White Army” • army leaders • political opponents • wealthy Russians *France & United States supported White Army

  14. Civil War Ends • Red Army vs. White Army • fighting & famine cost millions of lives • late 1920  Bolsheviks triumph • 1921  New Economic Policy: plan permitting some capitalist activity

  15. the Soviet Union • 1922 economy begun to improve • 1922  Russia reunited with neighboring lands that had belonged to Russian Empire • became Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) or Soviet Union

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