Planned Adaptation to Climate Change in the Coastal Zone

1. Planned Adaptation to Climate Change in the Coastal Zone

3. Same Coastal Management with New Lens: • No different than planning and acting on current coastal management issues. • Use existing tools though a slightly new lens • Longer Horizon (50-100 years) • NEW POLITICAL WILL?

4. 1 2 3 4 5 Matching Action to Goals

5. Seek and SELL “No Regrets” Options Adaptations that would be worth doing even if expected climate impacts are less severe than anticipated Implies non-climate benefits greater than costs 1 2 3 4 5

6. Setbacks as an adaptation tool

7. Adaptation criteria (1) Attributes of the adaptation measure: Effectiveness in meeting goals and objectives Costs of implementation including: Investment and recurring costs (e.g., infrastructure) Opportunity costs – foregone alternative uses Implementation issues: Ease of implementation Capacity constraints (skills and staff levels) Financing Monitoring 1 2 3 4 5

8. Adaptation criteria (2) Impacts of the adaptation measure: Physical, biological, economic, and social impacts Types of benefits Direct climate related benefits Avoided damages to health, property, livelihoods; reduced insurance premiums GHG emissions reduced (e.g., carbon sequestration) can be valued according to market price for carbon credits Non-climate related benefits(e.g., ecosystem services, value chain) 1 2 3 4 5

9. 1 2 3 4 5 Bundle Adaptation Actions • Technical effectiveness • Costs/benefits • Capacity • Implementation characteristics Galloway, 2008 University of Maryland, US Army Corps of Engineers IWR

10. Bundle Adaptation Options First Screen options on individual basis Choose between substitutes and add to bundle Additional factors to consider with bundles: Synergistic impacts; some options will yield better results when combined Budget constraint ; consider all implementation costs as a package Organizational capacity to manage multiple adaptation options simultaneously 1 2 3 4 5

11. Mainstream Policy - implement policy at the national level - implement policy at the municipal level Plans - integrate into CZM plans - integrate into MPA management plans - integrate into marine spatial plans Programs - integrate into monitoring plans - integrate into communication and outreach plans 1 2 3 4 5

12. Implementation Considerations Build Capacity - planning - policy - technical expertise Implementation Barriers - lack of capacity - lack of policy - lack of financial resources 1 2 3 4 5

13. Evaluate Adaptation Measures Monitor - identify indicators - develop or integrate into existing monitoring programs Evaluate - identify both successes and failures - valuate vulnerability assessments, goals, adaptation measures - communicate results Adapt - adjust adaptation measures 1 2 3 4 5

14. Climate Change Adaptation PlanningCase Study: Calatagan, Philippines

15. Road Map for Case Study • Context • Climate Projections for Philippines • Boundaries of the Place • Assets • Vulnerability • Exposure • Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity • Issues • Goals

16. Climate Projections for Philippines Hotter and Drier

17. Map of Philippines Calatagan Rural Area South of Manila

18. Calatagan

19. Welcome to Calatagan!

20. What is Vulnerability? V= X X V ∫ Exposure X Sensitivity X Adaptive Capacity

21. Vulnerability is...

22. Monsoons Typhoons Storm Surge High wind Hot, Dry Weather Bleaching Drought SLR Acidification EXPOSURE

23. Again, Vulnerability is...

24. What is Vulnerability? V= X X V ∫ Exposure X Sensitivity X Adaptive Capacity

25. Community Mapping Process

27. Seafood Caught: • Tansing lambat: • Pusit • Fying fish • Katsawang • Pana: • Bangkutaan • Samaral • Porak • Lapu-lapu • Labster • Isdang bato • Gleaning: • Balatan • Sikad • Sihe • Hook • Tulingan • Galonggong • Matang baka • Alumahan • Lapu-lapu • Tanigue • Pusit • Talakitok • Dalagang Bukid • Manitis • Lambat / pante • Kuyog • Pusit • Samaral • Katsawang

28. Agricultural Crops • Other crops: • Narra • Ipil • Tubo • Origano • Sambong • Tuba-tuba • Banaba • Fruit bearing trees: • Saging • Mangga • Sampalok • Duhat • Atis • Niyog • Langka • Sinigwelas • Calamansi • Vegetables: • Monggo • Mani • Sili • Malonggay • Sitaw • Kamatis • Kalabasa • Balinghoy • Ampalaya • Talong • Patani • Mais • Pipino • Papaya • Alubate

29. Religion: • Catholic • Adventist • Born Again • Iglesia ni Kristo • Protestante • Back to Christ

30. Origin: • Calatagan – since Birth • Cebu – 1978 • Bohol - 1980 • Masbate – 1978 • Samar - 1991 • Bicol – 2000 • Davao – 1998

31. Simple Maps Create Comfort

32. Base Map of Calatagan basketball court SK Hall Church Houses

33. Fishing Grounds

34. Land Use Map Residential Area Agricultural Area

39. SOCIAL PHYSICAL ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE Less prevalence of malnutrition residential houses built about .5m from High tide No alternative livelihood / fishing main livelihood Organization present – SAMAVITA HH members -10 HH population – 200-300 Experiences, observations on CC: storm surge, extreme weather condition & water temperature (sea), sea level rise Depleting fishery resources – fish catch from 70 kls to 3 kls Housewives – no occupation Gear / Implements used – gill nets & Hook and line No organized BFARMC / Bantay Dagat Lack of gov’t support to fishing sector Community members are aware on Fishery Laws & restrictions General Adaptive Capacity of Community

40. SOCIAL PHYSICAL ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE lack of health support & facilities (health care insurance) Fishing ground extended from 1 km to 10 kms Lack of skills training for sources of alternative livelihood Have limited access in participatory planning and management Lack /distant educational facility Presence of mangrove, corals, sea beds Some projects of NGO’s/NGAs are not transparent Culture value – Isang Pisa (Visaya) Strong participation in Env. Management (Mangrove Planting) Houses are made-up of concrete and semi-concrete matls. Access to information limited Concepts abt. CC is from radio/t.v. No sea wall Adaptive Capacity of Community - Continued

41. Vulnerability is...

42. Calatagan’s Vulnerability • Housing, shoreline infrastructure and boats to SLR and Storms – HIGH • Food Security (fishing/agriculture) and drinking water to Drought, SLR, Storms, Acidification, Temperature - HIGH • Coral Reefs and Mangroves due to multiple climate stressors and lack of area to migrate - HIGH

43. Where are we in the Assessment Process? • Establish Context and Planning Group • Vulnerability Assessment • Exposure, Sensitivity, Adaptive Capacity • Risk Assessment • Select Priority Issues • Develop Adaptation Goals and Strategy • Implement and Evaluate

44. Creating Clarity and Direction:Issue Statements and Outcomes

45. A List of Priority Assets can Look Disconnected

46. You want to see the bigger picture

47. Analysis at this Stage is broken up by Assets

48. You want a simple story to tell the stakeholders

49. An Issue Statement can link shared assets to a central problem or opportunity

50. Housing and water quality is at risk of being impacted by SLR and Storm Surge