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Globalization Theories

Globalization Theories. Theories. Globalisms Ideologies about globalization Categories are broad Encompass economic, political, cultural, environmental elements Objectives Identify values Institute agenda Influence policies 3 competing globalism theories Market Justice Jihadist.

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Globalization Theories

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  1. Globalization Theories

  2. Theories Globalisms • Ideologies about globalization • Categories are broad • Encompass economic, political, cultural, environmental elements • Objectives • Identify values • Institute agenda • Influence policies • 3 competing globalism theories • Market • Justice • Jihadist

  3. Market Globalism About theory • Values • Free market norms • Agenda • Open economic interaction • Influence policies • Promote neoliberal norms in states, IOs

  4. Market Globalism • Dominant paradigm • Economic focus • Depends on political structures • Requires cultural interaction • Common language for economic exchange • Symbiotic relationship with environment • Raw materials

  5. Market Globalism • Promoted by GN IOs • MNCs • IGOs: WTO, WB, IMF, OECD • NGO: World Economic Forum (WEF) • Business & political leaders, other select elites • Consumer demand

  6. Market Globalism: Criticisms Anti-market activities • Ultra-nationalism • ‘Buy American’ • Economic protectionism • Tariffs, quotas, etc. MG dominated by GN, big economies

  7. Market Globalism: Criticisms The Facts (and note about stats) • MG is based on capitalist principles • Must expand to thrive • Exploitative • System growth is asymmetrical • More people benefit, but not everyone

  8. Justice Globalism About theory • Values • Egalitarianism • Agenda • Global solidarity • Distributive justice • Influence policies • Protect citizens • Market globalism- ‘extreme profit strategies’ • Jihadist globalism- fundamentalism

  9. Justice Globalism Concern for human beings • Basic rights • Food, clothing, shelter, etc. • Abstract rights • Freedom of religion, right to education, etc. • Issues • GN/GS disparities, environment, fair trade, labor, women’s issues, etc.

  10. Justice Globalism • Result of ‘social justice movement’ • Local well-being in era of globalization • Same global rights regardless of location • Leftist reaction to MG • Promote ‘global civil society’ • Network of NGOs • World Social Forum- counter to WEF

  11. Justice Globalism: Criticisms GN domination • GN NGOs have more • Money, technology, time, leverage, access • Culturally dominate • ‘We know best’ attitude

  12. Justice Globalism: Criticisms Battle in Seattle, 1999 • Anti-WTO protests • Relied on globalization elements to be effective • Simultaneous demonstrations around world • Other meeting protests • WB, IMF, WEF, EU Summit, etc.

  13. Jihadist Globalism About theory • Values • Umma- single community of believers united in their belief of their one and only God • Note: Islamic term, but applies to all religious zealots • Agenda • Unite believers • 1/3 of Muslims live as minorities = global plight for Muslim fundamentalists • Spread the word • Influence policies • Protect citizens • Outside forces that dilute religious, community culture

  14. Jihadist Globalism • An ideology, not a religion • Advocate violence to realize objectives • Religious groups adopt this theory, seek to implement • Al-Qaeda, Muslim fundamentalism organization • Jewish Defense League, militant Jewish organization • Army of God, Christian terrorist anti-abortion organization • Saffron terror, right-wing Hindu nationalism movement • Buddhist unrest in Sri Lanka; problems in Burma/Myanmar

  15. Globalization Recap • Contested concept • Defined, includes, direction it is moving (or not) • Theories to understand • Dominant- economic • Others- political, social • None mutually exclusive

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