Native Boot To VHD Part I: Overview

1. Native Boot To VHDPart I: Overview Dan Stolts, MCT, MCITP, MCSE, TS... Sr. IT Pro Evangelist Microsoft Corporation dstolts@microsoft.com http://blogs.technet.com/DanStolts

2. What We Will Cover • What is Native Boot? • Benefits and Performance • Inside look at Boot to VHD Partitions • Common Scenarios • Installing … OS Media or Network Boot • An Inside Look at BCDEdit • Limitations • Guidelines, Here is the proof => Next…

3. Introduction to Native Boot to VHD • What is a Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) • Fixed Disks • Larger (slower to deploy) • Recommended for production systems • Dynamic disks • Grow as data is added • Smaller (faster to deploy) • As used with Virtual PC / Virtual Server / Hyper-V • Supported Platforms • Windows 7 (Enterprise, Ultimate) • Windows Server 2008 R2 (Full and Core) • Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, Web • Itanium-based systems • Tools (See Resources for details) • DiskPart, Disk Management (MMC), BCDEdit, BCDBoot, DISM, Hyper-V Manager, Sysprep, ImageX (AIK)

4. Benefits • Possible to boot a VHD directly on hardware using Hardware Manufacturer Drivers! • Can run Windows Virtualization Platform • Deploy either as physical or virtual using same file • Use the same management tools • Support multiple boot scenarios • Fast deployment for re-usable environments • Parent of a differencing disk can be a fixed, dynamic, or differencing disk (differencing chain) • Negligible performance difference from Native

5. Native VHD Performance

6. System and VHD Partitions System Partition Primary Partition • Parent volume of the VHD is available after boot with a different volume letter • LOOK: Watch your disk space go to maximum VHD Capacity + Physical Used D: Bootmgr C:\Windows BCD D: C:\Pagefile.sys D: C:\Vhd\Windows7Dynamic.vhd Phy Physical Disk Virtual VHD C:\Windows VHD Boot

7. System and VHD Partitions System Partition Primary Partition • Parent volume of the VHD is available after boot with a different volume letter • LOOK: Watch your disk space go to maximum VHD Capacity + Physical Used D: Bootmgr C:\Windows BCD D: C:\Pagefile.sys D: C:\Vhd\Windows7Dynamic.vhd Phy Physical Disk Virtual VHD C:\Windows VHD Boot

8. Common Scenarios • Native boot hardware with no installed OS • Image management • ‘Attach’ a VHD and access as a drive letter • DISM (Deployment Image Management & Servicing) • Common VHD image for both physical and virtual environments • One or multiple local VHDs within a single partition • E.g. for kiosk machines, early adopters • Developers, Trainers • Demo, Field Sales • Proof of Concept • Virtual Appliances • Centrally stored VHDs for network deployment • Copy locally and then start • Network boot to VHD using WDS

9. Install From Media Or Network Boot • Start Installation • Format Media (if doing bare metal insall) • You should be on the “Where do you want to install Windows?” screen of the installation press Shift-F10 to drop to command prompt • Find installation drive (dir c:, dir d:, dir e:, etc) • Diskpart Create vdisk file=e:\BootDemo.vhd type=expandable maximum=40000 Attach vdisk Exit • Click “Refresh” button • Select “New Drive” and perform normal installation • Using this method, the BCD will be updated automatically

10. Preparing for Native Boot and BCDEdit • If host system is Vista SP1: • Replace Bootmgr and BcdEdit.exe with Windows 7 versions (BCDBoot) • Create bootable VHD file • Disk Manager, Hyper-V Manager, ImageX, SCVMM, DiskPart,Etc • Copy bootable VHD to a directory on the host system • (e.g. ‘c:\vhd\BootWin.vhd’) • Use BcdEdit to copy the existing boot entry (from administrativecmd prompt) bcdedit /copy {current} /d “Windows VHD Boot” • Look at the new entry bcdedit /v • Use BcdEdit to Edit the VHD system bcdedit /set {GUID} device vhd=[c:]\vhd\BootWin.vhd bcdedit /set {GUID} osdevicevhd=[c:]\vhd\BootWin.vhd bcdedit /set {GUID} detecthal on • Use BCDEdit to change the description, default start item, menu order, timeout, etc. bcdedit /set {GUID} description “New Menu Description Goes Here!” bcdedit /default {GUID} bcdedit /displayorder {GUID_1} {GUID_2} bcdedit /timeout 10 • If using virtualization on the system… (Make sure you cold boot after making changes) Enable Virtualization in BIOS bcdedit /set {GUID} hypervisorlaunchtype auto

11. Limitations • Native Boot is only for Windows 7 and 2008 R2 • Native Boot does not support Hibernation • Sleep mode is supported • Native Boot does not support BitLocker • No Over Allocation of Disk Space * • No “Nested” boot to VHD • Maximum size of dynamic VHD = 2TB (2048 GB) • Parent of Differencing disk must be on same volume

12. VHD Boot Guidelines • Native VHD boot requires Windows 7 Boot Manager (Bootmgr) and BCDEdit utility • Use BCDboot.exe from attached VHD • Pagefile and boot manager are outside Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) • Dynamic VHD expanded during boot • Plan physical disk free space accordingly • Store user data outside of the OS VHD

13. Creating Differencing Disks Create the VHD’s diskpart create vdisk file="D:\WIN7_Diff0.vhd" parent="D:\WIN7.vhd“ exit This takes care of creating the VHD’s and setting up the parent – child relationship. To be able to boot to the differencing disk, the BCD store will need to be updated to reflect our intended changes. Update the BCD store. BCDEdit.exe /set {GUID} device VHD=[D:]\Win7_Diff0.vhd BCDEdit.exe /set {GUID} osdevice VHD=[D:]\Win7_Diff0.vhd

14. Thin Provisioning – Be Very Careful • Disk expansion happens when driver is loaded • Cannot suppress expansion during Installation • Stop Error if not enough physical space (Blue Screen) • Registry entry will prevent the disk from expanding to its full size. Open the registry editor, browse to • The location that’s displayed  below and alter the value to “4”. • [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services\FsDepends\Parameters] • "VirtualDiskExpandOnMount"=dword:00000004 • Strongly Recommend You NOT do this!!!! • IF you run out of disk space, you will likely corrupt your VHD!

15. Resources Dan’s Blog and Edge Portal http://blogs.technet.com/danstolts http://edge.technet.com/people/dstolts http://blogs.technet.com/danstolts/pages/eventresources.aspx What's New for IT Pros in Windows 7 http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd349334(WS.10).aspx What's New in Virtual Hard Disks http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd440864(WS.10).aspx Windows(R) Image to Virtual Hard Disk (WIM2VHD) Converter http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/wim2vhd

16. Tools Resources Appendix: Tools, Scripts, and APIs. The following tools are included in Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2: • DiskPart   A command-line tool that you can use to create, attach, and detach VHDs. You can also perform more advanced tasks like compacting, expanding, and merging VHDs. For more information, see DiskPart on Microsoft TechNet (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=128458). • Disk Management   A Microsoft Management Console (MMC) snap-in that you can use to create, attach, and detach VHDs. • BCDEdit   A command-line tool that you use to manage boot configuration data (BCD) stores. For more information, see BCDEdit on Microsoft TechNet (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=128459). • BCDBoot   A command-line tool that you can use to manage and create new BCD stores and BCD boot entries. BCDBoot can be used to create a new boot entry when configuring a system to boot from a new VHD. For more information, see BCDBoot Command-Line Options on Microsoft TechNet (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=155166). • Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM)   A command-line tool that you use to apply updates, drivers, and language packs to a Windows image. For more information, see Deployment Image Servicing and Management Technical Reference on Microsoft TechNet (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=155029). • Windows Hyper-V Manager   An MMC snap-in that supports VHD image creation. You can specify the type and size of VHD and install Windows from a CD or DVD, or from an ISO Image file. The Hyper-V Manager is only available on computers that are running Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2 with the Hyper-V role installed. • Sysprep   A tool that enables you to remove user and computer-specific data from the operating system image. This enables you to capture the image and deploy it to other computers. For more information, see Sysprep Technical Reference on Microsoft TechNet (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=155027). The following tool are included in the Windows Automated Installation Kit (Windows AIK): • ImageX   A command line tool that enables you to capture, create, modify, and apply Windows images. For more information, see ImageX Technical Reference on Microsoft TechNet (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=155340).