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Chapter 10

Chapter 10. Cell Growth And Division. I. Cell Growth. DNA. A. Limits to Cell Growth 2 reasons cells divide rather than continuing to grow indefinitely : 1) larger a cell grows,the more demands on its _______

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Chapter 10

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  1. Chapter 10 Cell Growth And Division

  2. I. Cell Growth DNA • A. Limits to Cell Growth • 2 reasons cells divide rather than continuing to grow indefinitely: • 1) larger a cell grows,the more demands on its _______ • will not be making enough copies of DNA as size increases---This would cause an information crisis. • 2) difficult to move waste and nutrients across cell • rate @ which waste products leave cell depends on _______________________ of cell=total area of cell membrane Surface area

  3. rate @ which food and Oxygen are used up and waste produced depends on _____________________ • RATIO OF SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME-assuming a cube shape,surface area=l x w x 6…..volume= lx w x h…. ratio = SA /volume Cell volume

  4. Ratio of Surface Area to Volume in Cells Section 10-1 Cell Size Surface Area (length x width x 6) Volume (length x width x height) Ratio of Surface Area to Volume

  5. Volume increases faster than surface area/CAUSING RATIO TO __________________..causing serious problems for cell decrease

  6. B. Division of Cell -A cell divides into 2 daughter cells =_______________________________ • This happens before a cell can get too large • DNA ___________________before cell division,solving info crisis. Cell division replicates

  7. II. Cell Division • ***simpler in prokaryotes • A. chromosomes –carries genetic info in eukaryotes • made up of ____________ and proteins • cells of every organism have a specific # of Chromosomes • humans have___ Chromosomes • fruit flies have 8 • usually not visible except in cell division,when they condense • ___________________before cell division 46 Replicates or copies DNA

  8. each Chromosome consists of 2 identical __________________,which separate from each other in cell division • chromatids attached @__________________,usually near middle chromatids centromere

  9. B. Cell Cycle • ________________________is in- between phase • ______________________is the series of events that a cell goes through during growth and division….Where the cell grows,prepare for division,divides into 2 daughter cells interphase Cell Cycle

  10. 4 phases • M= _______________________________ • S= ________________________________ • G1 and G2= ________________________________________________________ Mitosis and cytokinesis Chromsomes replicate & DNA synthesis,some proteins synthesize G1=cell growth/G2= organelles and molecules produced

  11. Figure 10–4 The Cell Cycle Section 10-2 G1 phase M phase S phase G2 phase

  12. ANAPHASE

  13. 1) Prophase centrioles • Longest phase • Chromosomes become visible • _______________________,2 tiny structures near nuclear envelope-separate and take positions on opposite ends of nucleus • Centrosome region helps organize __________________-microtubules that help separate chromosomes • Chromosomes attach to __________________________ • @ end chromosomes coil tightly and nuclear envelope disappears Spindle fibers spindle

  14. 2) Metaphase- • chromosomes line up @ center • Centromeres go to 2 poles • 3) Anaphase- • Centromeres split • Chromatids separate and become individual _____________________ • New chromosomes go to opposite poles and then stop moving chromosomes

  15. 4) Telophase- • Chromosomes disperse into tangle of material • New nuclear envelopes • Spindle breaks apart • Nucleolus becomes visible

  16. D. Cytokinesis-divison of cytoplasm • Usually along w/ Telophase • Cell plate forms in plants that becomes the ______________________________ CELL WALL

  17. III. • _____________________= disorder in which some of the body’s cells lose the ability to regulate growth • They do not respond to signals that regulate growth • Divide uncontrollably,making ___________________(masses of cells) • _____________=protein that regulates normal cell cycle (in eukaryotes) tumors cancer cyclins

  18. Videos Video Contents • Click a hyperlink to choose a video. • Animal Cell Mitosis • Animal Cell Cytokinesis

  19. Video 1 Video 1 • Click the image to play the video segment. Animal Cell Mitosis

  20. Video 2 Video 2 Animal Cell Cytokinesis • Click the image to play the video segment.

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