The Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

1. 中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目 陆地和近海生态系统碳收支研究 The Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Study on Carbon Budget in Terrestrial and Marginal Sea Ecosystems of China (CBTSEC) Yu Guirui Wang Shaoqiang <wangsq@www.lreis.ac.cn> (Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research)

2. 1.Research Background • The emission of GHG results in increasing ofCO2 and CH4 concentration and global climate change • How to control and modify global carbon budget and prevent climate warming is the most serious challenge for international social economic sustainable development • The Global Carbon Budget is the core problem of IGBP-IHDP-WCRP)

3. To control and modify the global carbon budget, prevent climate warming are serious challenge for international society.

4. UNFCCC谈判的政治化和贸易化趋势,使陆地碳汇/源研究成为世界政治和经济格局重建的“科学武器或环境武器”.中国将面临着巨大的压力。UNFCCC谈判的政治化和贸易化趋势,使陆地碳汇/源研究成为世界政治和经济格局重建的“科学武器或环境武器”.中国将面临着巨大的压力。

5. 2. Science problem of research plan • What are patterns of Carbon Sources/Sinks of terrestrial ecosystem in China？ • What are key driving factors of terrestrial ecosystem carbon processes in China？ • How do terrestrial ecosystems response and feedback to global climate change？ • What are potential and policy of increasing sink and mitigating emission of terrestrial ecosystem in China？ • How does China use Kyoto Protocol to protect national benefits? • How does China implement international obligation and make available national activity?划？

6. 3. Academic framework of research Observation of carbon fluxes、storage (Micro-meteorology、 Static Chamber/GC、 RS) Historical processes research Present processes research C model research Response and feedback of C budget to climate change Rule of C cycle processes Mitigation/Sequestration strategy C budget patterns of present and future

7. 4. Objectives and content of research plan Biogeochemistry process Forest Grassland Cropland Wetland Lake Marginal sea National objective Scientific objective Capacity building Development of C model Reconstruction of historic evolvement process Patterns of C sink/source and mitigation / sequestration strategy Observation system of C flux and storage in China

8. 5. Observation plan of ChinaFlux AsiaFLUX ChinaFlux JGOFS/SOLAS Observation plan of typical ecosystem comparison Immobile Observation plan of typical ecosystem Mobile Observation plan of typical ecosystem FLUXNET GTOS Observation plan of ground and satellite IGOS

9. 6. Location of ChinaFlux Station Micro-Station Chamber-Station Ocean-Station

10. 7. Main research content（1） I. C flux and storage of typical terrestrial and marginal sea ecosystem in China • Research content • C flux observation of terrestrial ecosystem in China • C flux observation of marginal sea ecosystem in China • Quantitative RS observation of terrestrial and marginal sea ecosystem in China Key scientific objective • Construction of ChinaFlux Network • Characterize spatial and temporal change of C flux in China • Improvement of quantitative RS method of C flux and storage

11. 8. Main research content （2） II. Biogeochemistrical processes of C flux and storage of terrestrial and marginal sea ecosystem in China Research content Biogeochemistrical processes of C flux and storage of forest, cropland, grassland, lake and marginal sea ecosystem Key scientific objective • Dynamic mechanisms of C cycle process • Driving factors and function rule of major ecosystem C cycle • Influence mechanisms of human activities on C cycle processes

12. 9. Main research content （3） III. Historical process of terrestrial ecosystem C cycle in China • Research content • Historical process of terrestrial ecosystem C cycle in China • Relationship of GHG change and climate based on continental glacial record in China Key scientific objective • Accuracy assessment of historical substitute material and distinguishing method of LUCC types • Key driving factors of LUCC and terrestrial C cycle • Determining Technique of age entrapped air in ice core

13. 10. Main research content （4） IV. C cycle model of terrestrial and marginal sea ecosystem in China • Research content • C cycle model of forest, grassland, cropland, wetland, lake and marginal sea ecosystem based on processes • Response and feedback of C budget to global change of terrestrial and marginal sea ecosystem in China Key scientific objective • Integration of GIS and RS in C cycle models of terrestrial and marginal sea ecosystem • Accuracy estimation of C budget of terrestrial and marginal sea ecosystem • Response and feedback of C budget to global change

14. 11. Main research content （5） V.Comprehensive research on C budget and mitigation/sequestration sink strategy in China • Research content • Comprehensive analysis of C budget of terrestrial ecosystem in China • Mitigation/sequestration sink strategy of terrestrial ecosystem • Comparison research of international mitigation scheme Key scientific objective • Assessment method of C mitigation and sequestration technique • C mitigation and sequestration technique o ecosystem • The influence of energy structure on C emission • Available of utilizing “Kyoto Mechanism” in China

15. National Key Science Research Project (2003—2007) Study on terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle and its’ driving mechanism in China

16. Prime minister Zhu Rongji said that China had ratified Kyoto Protocol Chinese Premier's address to the Earth Summit 03 Sep 2002 Description: Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji on Tuesday said China had ratified the Kyoto protocol on climate change.

17. 2.1 Key scientific question • Biogeography mechanisms of C sink/source spatial patterns； • Controlling mechanisms and human influence of carbon cycle； • Acclimatization mechanisms of biological processes of C cycle to climate change； • Effects and benefits of terrestrial ecosystem management on carbon sink； • C transport processes through river in terrestrial C cycle.

18. 3.1 Technique Scheme UNFCCC Negotiation C sink/source：patters of spatial and temporal、history、future scenario C cycle：control mechanisms、human perturbs 、cycle period、 acclimation C sequestration：potential、cost and benefits、sustainable、leak C exchange dynamic mechanisms Bottom up Top Down LUCC and driving mechanisms Scaling up and down Dynamic C models RS inversion model Observation of C flux and storage Acclimatization experiments of biological processes of C cycle MODIS and TM database LUCC and social-economy database

19. Processes of terrestrial ecosystem C cycle C exchange CO2 respiration Photosynthesis CO2 C exchange C diffuse C emission 送 Biomass NPP LUCC 输 C sediments C fixation 碳 流 CO2 分解 CO2 Decomposition respiration 河 NEP litter C sediments erosion Below-ground C (Soil and roots) NBP Estuary C transport

20. 3.2 Research content (1) Comparison of C flux and storage of typical terrestrial ecosystem • Research content • Comprehensive observation of C flux • Transect investigation of C storage • Comparison of C flux and storage among different ecosystems

21. Design of ChinaFlux station and transect investigation

22. 3.2 Research content (2) Experimental study of biological acclimation of terrestrial ecosystem C cycle Research content • Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on biological processes of terrestrial C cycle • Concerted influence of elevated CO2 concentration and climate warming on terrestrial C cycle • Acclimation mechanisms of C cycle biological processes to environmental change

23. 3.2 Research content (3) Dynamic mechanisms and model of terrestrial ecosystem C cycle Research content • Bio-physics mechanisms of C cycle • Cycle period and storage function among C pools • Terrestrial C cycle dynamic model

24. 3.2 Research content (4)Typical river C flux and estuary – marginal sea C transport processes • Research content • Observation of estuary C flux • Rules of typical river and estuary C transport • Historical evolvement processes of estuary C sediment

25. 3.2 Research content (5) RS inversion and scaling technologies of terrestrial ecosystem C patterns • Research content • RS inversion model of C cycle parameters • Experimental RS of C cycle processes parameter in field scale • Spatial and temporal scale transform of C cycle processes • Integration of RS inversion model and C cycle dynamic model

26. 3.2 Research content (6) History, present and future scenario of terrestrial ecosystem C sink/source in China Research content • Synthesis assessment of actual C sink/source • Evolvement of C sink/source and it’s driving mechanisms, future scenario • Effects and assessment of human activity on C cycle

27. 3.2 Research content (7) UNFCCC Negotiation and implementation strategy Research content • Basis of global C cycle and sink strategy • inventory, potential of C sequestration sink and feasibility of C sink increasing technique in China • C Sequestering effect of great ecological environmental construction project • Feasibility of CDM involving in C sink program

28. 3.3 Relationship among project components 1： Comparison of C flux and storage of typical terrestrial ecosystem 2： Experimental study of biological acclimation of terrestrial ecosystem C cycle 7： UNFCCC Negotiation and implementation strategy Parameter 3： Dynamic mechanisms and model of terrestrial ecosystem C cycle Coupling analysis Science question 6： History, present and future scenario of terrestrial ecosystem C sink/source in China parameter Method Integration Method 4： Typical river C flux and estuary – marginal sea C transport processes 5： RS inversion and scaling technologies of terrestrial ecosystem C patterns National requirements

29. Thanks !