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Welcome to Linux

Welcome to Linux. Chap#1. Linux History. GNU Project: Started at 1983 by Richard Stallman. Goal: creating a UNIX-like free operating system. His vision: software should be free from restrictions against copying or modification in order to make better and efficient computer programs.

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Welcome to Linux

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  1. Welcome to Linux Chap#1 Hanin Abdulrahman

  2. Linux History • GNU Project: • Started at 1983 by Richard Stallman. • Goal: creating a UNIX-like free operating system. • His vision: software should be free from restrictions against copying or modification in order to make better and efficient computer programs. • (Incidentally, the name GNU is a recursive acronym which actually stands for 'GNU is Not Unix'). • By 1991 GNU created a lot of tools, but there was still no operating system. Hanin Abdulrahman

  3. MINIX was written from scratch by Andrew S. Tanenbaum, a US-born Dutch professor who wanted to teach his students the inner workings of a real operating system. • In 1991: • Linux kernel is developed by LinusTorvalds. • combining Linux kernel with the not-quite-complete GNU system resulted in a complete free operating system called linux. HaninAbdulrahman

  4. Though a recent arrival, Linux is very well known as a child of UNIX • first posted on Internet in 1991 • Linux 1.0 in 1994; 2.2 in 1999 • Today used on 7-10 million computers • with 1000’s of programmers working to enhance it Hanin Abdulrahman

  5. Linux is Open Source Software • When programmers on the Internet can read, redistribute, and modify the source for a piece of software, it evolves • People improve it, people adapt it, people fix bugs. And this can happen at a speed that, compared to conventional software development. Hanin Abdulrahman

  6. Linux is a Free Software • Free software is Software • Used for any purpose • Study to learn how it work and adapt to meet your needs. • Copy and redistribute. • Distribute as a part of an improved software. Hanin Abdulrahman

  7. LINUX System Components • Kernel • Directly interacts with the hardware, provides common services to program, and gives insulation from hardware characteristics. • Consists of file subsystem, process control subsystem, device drivers and system calls interfaces. • Shell • A program that takes commands typed in at the terminal and translates them into instruction to internal system. • Eg. Bourne shell (sh), C shell (csh), Korn shell (ksh), etc Hanin Abdulrahman

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  9. Linux Distributions • Various organizations package the Linux kernel and system programs as Linux distributions • Such as : SUSE, Fedora, Ubuntu, Red Hat, Debian, and Mandriva. • The differences between distributions typically : • is how the user installs the operating system. • which graphical configuration tools are installed by default and which tools are used to keep the system up-to-date. Hanin Abdulrahman

  10. Common Linux features • Multiuser: • Multiple users can log in and working on the system at the same time • Multiuser systems divide computer resources among multiple users, allowing for more efficient use of these resources. • Multitasking: • it is possible to have many programs running at the same time • Graphical User Interface (X Window System) • Hardware support • you can configure support for almost every type of hardware that can be connected to a computer • Networking connectivity: • Linux offers support for a variety of local area network boards, modems, and serial devices. Hanin Abdulrahman

  11. Common Linux features • Network servers • Providing networking services to the client computers on the LAN or to the entire Internet is what Linux does best. • Application support • a wide range of freeware and shareware software is available for Linux. • Most of Linux is written in the C programming language. When written in a portable style, C programs can be moved from one platform (processor or CPU-based system) to another by simply recompiling the code. Hanin Abdulrahman

  12. Linux file system • The Linux file system is the structure in which all the information on your computer is stored. • Files are organized within a hierarchy of directories. Each directory can contain files, as well as other directories. Hanin Abdulrahman

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  14. / bin bash boot login.defs dev passwd etc group home skel manal mnt nawal temp mona user var sbin Linux file system Hanin Abdulrahman

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