Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia – The Virus, the Disease and the 2006 New York State Experience

1. Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia – The Virus, the Disease and the 2006 New York State Experience Paul R. Bowser Professor of Aquatic Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca, New York

2. AAHP at Cornell: Dr. Paul Bowser Dr. James Casey Dr. Rodman Getchell Dr. Geof Groocock Dr. Yung-Sook Kim Greg Wooster Rafina Casey Kelly Britt Holly Kohler Steve Frattini Dept. of Pathology Dr. Ana Alcaraz USGS: Dr. Jim Winton Dr. Bill Batts NYS DEC Doug Stang Bill Culligan Andy Noyes Regional Fisheries Chiefs and Staff SUNY ESF Dr. John Farrell Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, Dr. N.J. Olesen Those Involved:

3. VHS in the Great Lakes The Virus Disease Investigations 2005 (and earlier) 2006 Diagnostic Approach Surveillance 2006

4. Rhabdovirus Examples of Rhabdoviruses: VHSV (Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus)*** IHNV (Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus) Rabies

5. Important To Note… VHSV is NOT a Human Pathogen

6. VHSV - Genotypes • Genotype I • Europe, Japan • Genotype II • Europe, Japan • Genotype III • Europe, Japan • Genotype IV • North America, Japan, Korea

7. A region of the G gene was sequenced at the USGS Seattle Laboratory. VHSV isolates from the Lake Ontario freshwater drum, the Lake St. Claire muskellunge, and the round goby were found to be essentially identical. Significantly different from other North American VHSV isolates. JP99Obama25 WA91Clearwater BC99292 BC98250 ME03 USMakah BC99001 BC99010 BC93372 MI04Muskellunge JP96KRRV9601 DK6p403 DKMrhabdo NOA16368G FIka422 FR0771 DK7380 DKHededam DKF1 DK5131 DK2835 GE12 UKMLA986P DK4p101 FRL59X UK86094 DK1P53 DK1P52 VHSV - Sequence data 83 100 97 IVa 100 83 IVb 100 Ib 99 Id 75 Ia 96 96 I 100 I 100 Ic Ie 96 III 100 96 II 0.01 substitutions/site Elsayed et al. 2006

8. A region of the G gene was sequenced at the USGS Seattle Laboratory. VHSV isolates from the Lake Ontario freshwater drum, the Lake St. Clair muskellunge, and the round goby were found to be essentially identical. Significantly different from other North American VHSV isolates. JP99Obama25 WA91Clearwater BC99292 BC98250 ME03 USMakah BC99001 BC99010 BC93372 MI04Muskellunge JP96KRRV9601 DK6p403 DKMrhabdo NOA16368G FIka422 FR0771 DK7380 DKHededam DKF1 DK5131 DK2835 GE12 UKMLA986P DK4p101 FRL59X UK86094 DK1P53 DK1P52 VHSV - Sequence data 83 100 97 IVa 100 83 IVb 100 Ib 99 Id 75 Ia 96 96 I 100 I 100 Ic Ie 96 III 100 96 II 0.01 substitutions/site Elsayed et al. In Press

9. Disease Investigations2005 (and earlier) • Lake St. Claire, Michigan (MSU) Muskellunge (some submitted over several years – to 2003) • Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario, Canada (U of Guelph) Muskellunge, Freshwater Drum

10. VHSV Mortality Events 2005

11. Disease Investigations - 2006

12. Disease Investigations - 2006

13. Disease Investigations - 2006

14. Disease Investigations - 2006 CU

15. VHSV Mortality Events

16. VHSV – Gross Pathology • Causes a hemorrhagic disease • Multiplies in endothelial cells of blood capillaries, leucocytes, hematopoietic and nephron cells BioMar

17. VHSV - New York isolations Round Goby – St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario Muskellunge (57”, 45 lbs) – St. Lawrence River

18. VHSV - New York isolations Smallmouth Bass – Lake Ontario Burbot – St. Lawrence River

19. VHSV - New York isolations Walleye – Conesus Lake

20. Diagnostic ApproachSurveillance • Cell Culture • RT-PCR • Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) Test Fish with qRT-PCR Test Fish with cell culture

21. Diagnostic ApproachSurveillance Some comments • Cell culture is labor/time consuming • Cell culture – variation between cell lines and cell cultures at different labs *** Need for standardization of cells*** But cell culture is the legal standard

22. Surveillance Efforts - 2006 • Collaboration with: • New York State Department of Environmental Conservation • Cornell University Biological Field Station, Oneida Lake, New York • SUNY College of Environmental Sciences and Forestry – Syracuse, Thousand Island Biological Field Station, St. Lawrence River

23. Surveillance Samples - 2006 • St. Lawrence River fish survey (288 fish, TIBS) NYS DEC • Bait Minnow surveys (L. Erie, Niagara River, Saint Lawrence River) • NYS DEC Priority Waters and spp.(17 waters) • NYS DEC Priority Fish Species TOTAL = 1250+ fish

24. Honeoye Lake YP, SMB Otisco Lake Wal, SMB Oneida Lake Wal, YP Whitney Pt. Reservoir Wal Chautauqua Lake Misc. Lake Ontario Coho (early) Lake Ontario Chinook Lake Ontario Coho Saranac Lake chain YP, SMB LMB Findley Lake Misc. Hudson River YP, SMB (Upper) Rondout Creek YP, SMB (Lower Hudson River) Black Lake YP, SMB Seneca Lake YP, SMB Red Lake YP, SMB Racquette Lake LT Little Clear Lake LLS NYS Priority Surveillance Locations2006 Submitted

25. New York State VHSV Surveillance2006 • Priorities identified by NYS DEC • Priority waters • 30 of a predator fish species • 30 of a prey fish species • Priority fish species • Chinook Salmon • Coho Salmon • Walleye • Bait Minnows

26. New York State 2006 Surveillance From: http://fermi.jhuapl.edu/states/maps1/ny.gif

27. Surveillance Samples – 2006Cell Culture Positive • St. Lawrence River Bluegill Rock bass Smallmouth Bass Brown Bullhead Bluntnose Minnow • Lake Ontario Freshwater Drum • Niagara River Emerald Shiner • Lake Erie Emerald Shiner Results up to date: 22 FEB 2006

28. New York State 2006 Surveillance positive by cell culture From: http://fermi.jhuapl.edu/states/maps1/ny.gif

29. New York State 2006 Mortalities and Surveillance From: http://fermi.jhuapl.edu/states/maps1/ny.gif

30. Future Needs • Continued Surveillance • Research • Public Education

31. Tanks Again to…….. • New York State Department of Environmental Conservation • USDA APHIS • New York Sea Grant • Cornell University Biological Field Station, Oneida Lake, New York • Thousand Island Biological Station/SUNY ESF

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