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The Digestive System

The Digestive System . Functions: Take up of food Breaking down of food, so we can get many of the building blocks needed for our body to make new tissue [i.e. hair, skin, blood, muscle] Provides ENERGY for all our 100 trillion cells . Two types of digestion. Mechanical:

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The Digestive System

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  1. The Digestive System • Functions: • Take up of food • Breaking down of food, so we can get many of the building blocks needed for our body to make new tissue [i.e. hair, skin, blood, muscle] • Provides ENERGY for all our 100 trillion cells

  2. Two types of digestion • Mechanical: -chewing, mixing, churning -any physical action on food 2. Chemical: -food is chemically changed from one substance to another [i.e. bread  sugar]

  3. Alimentary Canal[Digestive Tract] • Includes all organs food travel through -mouth -esophagus -stomach -small intestine -large intestine • Movement happens by peristalsis: wave-like muscle contractions

  4. Accessory Organs • Food does NOT travel through these organs • Produce substance NEEDED in the small intestines for digestion to take place -liver -gall bladder -prancreas

  5. Stomach • Holding tank • Mechanical digestion (mixes with stomach juices: • HCL –acid • Mucus (to protect stomach • Some chemical digestion (some foods (i.e. proteins) begin digestion in stomach)

  6. Stomach contd. • Some things get absorbed directly into the blood from the stomach, like: -simple sugars -alcohol -water -medicines

  7. Two sphincters • Cardiac sphincter • Pyloric sphincter

  8. Small Intestine • The MOST important organ of digestion • This is where the majority of chemical digestion of the food s take place • Where all the nutrients are absorbed • 20-30 feet long [7 meters] • 1 inch wide • Peristalsis moves food through the small intestine

  9. Accessory Organs help the small intestine (see table) 1. Pancreas – produces digestive enzymes • Produces insulin: needed for the cells to take up sugar for energy *Diabetis

  10. 2. Liver • Makes bile needed to digest fat 3. Gallbladder -stores bile -holding tank for bile 4. Villi - Little hair-like projections where absorption takes place

  11. Digestive Enzymes

  12. Large Intestine (=colon) • Twice as wide as small intestine (about 2 inches in diameter) • About 5-6 feet in length • Main function is to absorb water • Constipation: peristalsis happens too slow, too much water absorbed • Diarrhea: happens when peristalsis happens to fast; water is not absorbed

  13. Nutrition: process of taking in food and using it for energy Nutrients: essential to proper body function • Provide calories • What are they? Can you name some examples?

  14. Different Groups of Nutrients • Carbohydrates: used for energy • Fats: used for energy [butter, oils, cheese, nuts, etc.] • Proteins: used to build muscle, hair, nails, and many cell parts [nuts, meat, eggs, chicken, fish, cheese] • Minerals: used to build body parts (bones) and for chemical reactions [calcium, potassium, salts]

  15. 5. Vitamins: needed for growth and metabolism [Vitamin D, Vit. A, Vit. B] 6. Water: used for chemical reactions; vital – can’t survive without it

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