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CHAPTER 11

CHAPTER 11. The Allies Turn the Tide. Review…. The attack on Pearl Harbor brought America into WWII America joined the side of the Allies Britain, France, Soviet Union Allies began to stop the advances of the Axis powers Battle of Britain Battle of Coral Sea. So…….

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CHAPTER 11

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  1. CHAPTER 11 The Allies Turn the Tide

  2. Review… • The attack on Pearl Harbor brought America into WWII • America joined the side of the Allies • Britain, France, Soviet Union • Allies began to stop the advances of the Axis powers • Battle of Britain • Battle of Coral Sea

  3. So……. How did the Allies turn the tide against the Axis powers?

  4. People and Vocabulary People and Vocab. Definitions • Dwight D. Eisenhower • George S. Patton Jr. • Erwin Rommel • Chester Nimitz • Tuskegee Airmen • Unconditional surrender • Saturation bombing • Strategic bombing • Commanded the Allied invasion of North Africa • Tank Commander known as “blood and Guts” who led forces under Eisenhower to fight German forces in North Africa • German general who commanded the AfrikaKorps aka German forces in North Africa • Commander of U.S. Navy in the Pacific • African-American fighter squadron who played a key role in the campaign by escorting bombers • Giving up completely without any concessions • Dropping massive amounts of bombs to cause maximum damage • Bombing key political and industrial centers

  5. Axis and Allies Plan Strategy • Axis Plan • “Selfish” • Germany • Hitler • Wanted to dominate Europe and eliminate “inferior” people • Italy • Mussolini • The Italian empire to stretch from the eastern Adriatic to East Africa • Japan • Tojo • Control the Western Pacific and Asia

  6. Axis and Allies Plan Strategy • Allies Plan • “Unified” • “Europe First” strategy • Germany enemy #1 • Had resources to: • Bomb Britain • Fight U.S. and British navies on the Atlantic • Invade the Soviet Union • Italy and Japan no long term threat • Ultimate Goal • Fight and win a two-front war

  7. Turning the Tide in Europe • Allies Battle U-Boats in the Atlantic “The only thing that ever really frightened me during the war was the U-boat peril,” -Winston Churchill • “Wolf Packs” • German U-Boats patrolled the Atlantic and Caribbean • Sunk over 3,500 merchant ships and killed tens of thousands of Allied seamen • Allies answer in mid-1943 • convoys of escort carriers • Radar • Long-range aerial bombers • Underwater depth charges

  8. Turning the Tide in Europe • Soviets Turn Back Nazis at Stalingrad • Battle of Stalingrad • From 1942 to January 31,1943 • What happened • German troops had trouble advancing • Soviet troops counterattacked and trapped the German forces • German troops finally surrender because they were starving, sick and suffered from frostbite • Why was Stalingrad so important • It ended any realistic plans Hitler had of dominating Europe

  9. Turning the Tide in Europe • Allies Drive Germans Out of North Africa • Allies goals in North Africa 1942 • Second front in France • Less planning and less supplies needed to invade North Africa than invade via the English Channel • Forcing Germany out of North Africa would set-up and invasion of Italy • General Dwight Eisenhower vs. Erwin Rommel • Eisenhower • Commanded the Allied invasion of North Africa • Erwin Rommel • German general who commanded the AfrikaKorps aka German forces in North Africa • Lessons learned from Tunisia February 1943 • Needed aggressive officers and troops better trained for desert fighting

  10. Turning the Tide in Europe • George S. Patton • George Paton • Tank Commander who led forces under Eisenhower to fight German forces in North Africa “You usually will know where the front is by the sound of gunfire, and that’s the direction you should proceed. Now, suppose you lose a hand or an ear is shot off, or perhaps a piece of your nose, and you think you should walk back to get first aid. If I see you , it will be the last….walk you’ll ever take” • Patton advanced east while Britain advanced from the west • Trapped Axis forces in May 1943 • Almost 240,000 troops surrendered

  11. Increasing the Pressure in Germany • Roosevelt and Churchill meeting • January 1943 • Two important decisions made • Increase bombing of Germany and Invade Italy • Allies only accepting unconditionalsurrender • Unconditional surrender • Giving up completely without any concessions

  12. Increasing the Pressure in Germany • Allies Invade Italy • July 1943 • British and American forces invaded the island of Sicily • Results • Allies had complete control of the western Mediterranean • Paved the way for an invasion of Italy • Ended the rule of Benito Mussolini • September 1943 • Italy surrendered to the Allies • 5-weeks later declared war on Germany

  13. Increasing the Pressure in Germany • Bombers Batter Germany • Fulfilled Stalin request of opening a second front in France • Strategy • Saturation bombing • Dropping massive amounts of bombs to cause maximum damage • Strategic bombing • Bombing key political and industrial centers • Tuskegee Airmen • African-American fighter squadron who played a key role in the campaign by escorting bombers • Participated in over 1,500 missions without losing a single bomber

  14. Turning the Tide in the Pacific • Up to May 1942 • Japanese forces unstoppable in the Pacific Theater • Controlled the Philippines, Malaya, Dutch Indies, Hong Kong, Wake Island, Guam, and Burma • Europe First Strategy is what again? • Americans did start to turn some attention to the Pacific Theater

  15. Turning the Tide in the Pacific • Americans Triumph at Midway • Admiral Yamamoto • Commander of Japanese forces in the Pacific • Knew U.S. Navy was a powerful threat • Goals • Destroy American aircraft carriers in the Pacific • Control the island of Midway • Island in Pacific that was vital defense of Hawaii • Force American defenses back to California • Establish a military presence in the Aleutians

  16. Turning the Tide in the Pacific • Americans Triumph at Midway cont.’ • Admiral Chester Nimitz • Commander of U.S. Navy in the Pacific • Knew of Japanese plans to attack Midway through code talkers • Japan had all there forces spread across the Pacific • U.S. concentrated forces near Midway • Battle of Midway • Turning point of the war in the Pacific

  17. Increasing the Pressure in Germany • Battle of Midway • June 4, 1942 • Most important naval battle of World War II • Japan • lost 4 aircraft carriers and 250 planes • U.S. • lost 1 aircraft carrier • Why was this Battle important? • Japan would never threaten Hawaii or Pacific domination • Japan was now on the defensive

  18. Increasing the Pressure in Germany • Americans Take the Offensive • August 1942 • Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands • U.S. marines drove Japanese off island after 3 months of intense fighting • U.S. Strategy in the Pacific • Have 2 fronts • Southwest Pacific front • Central Pacific front • Capture bases to bomb the Japanese home islands

  19. Now in class Answer the questions as well as fill out the chart attached with this packet

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