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Clarifying the Research Question through Secondary Data and Exploration

Chapter 5 ─. Clarifying the Research Question through Secondary Data and Exploration. Donald R. Cooper & Pamela S. Schindle. 授課老師： 洪新原 教授 學 生： 602556006 李佩軒 602556016 高祺凱 602556022 劉逸寧. The purpose and process of exploratory research .

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Clarifying the Research Question through Secondary Data and Exploration

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  1. Chapter 5 ─ Clarifying the Research Question through Secondary Data and Exploration Donald R. Cooper & Pamela S. Schindle 授課老師：洪新原 教授 學 生：602556006李佩軒 602556016高祺凱 602556022劉逸寧 2013/10/21 研究方法

  2. The purpose and process of exploratory research. The two types and three levels of management decision-related secondary sources. The five types of external information and the factors for evaluating the value of a source and its content. The process of using exploratory research to understand the management dilemma and work through the stages of analysis necessary to formulate the research question (and, ultimately, investigative questions and measurement questions). What is involved in internal data mining and how internal data-mining techniques differ from literature searches. 2013/10/21 研究方法 Learning Objectives

  3. A Search Strategy for Exploratory Levels of information Types of information sources 2013/10/21 研究方法 5.1 A Search Strategy for Exploratory

  4. Through exploration researchers develop concepts more clearly , establish priorities , develop operational definitions, and improve the final research design. If the problem is not as first thought, more formal studies can be canceled. The researcher may explore to be sure it is practical to do a formal study in the area. 2013/10/21 研究方法 A Search Strategy for Exploratory

  5. 2013/10/21 研究方法 • Discovery and analysis of secondary sources The Exploratory phase search strategy • Group discussions • Expert interviews • Individual depth interviews • (IDIs)

  6. Expand your understanding of the management dilemma Gather background information on your topic Identify information that should be gathered Identify sources for and actual question Identify sources for and actual sample frames 2013/10/21 研究方法 Objectives of exploratory research phase

  7. 2013/10/21 研究方法 Define management dilemma Define management dilemma Five steps of literature search Consult books to identify key terms Consult books to identify key terms Apply these key terms in searching Apply these key terms in searching Locate and review specific secondary sources Locate and review specific secondary sources Evaluate the value of each source and its content. Evaluate the value of each source and its content.

  8. 2013/10/21 研究方法

  9. Primary sources • Raw data without interpretation or pronouncements that represent an official opinion • Always the most authoritative • Secondary sources • Interpretations of primary data • Tertiary sources • May be interpretations of secondary source 2013/10/21 研究方法 Levels of information

  10. 2013/10/21 研究方法

  11. Index and Bibliographies 2013/10/21 研究方法 Types of information source • Directories • Dictionaries • Dictionaries • Encyclopedias • Handbooks

  12. A researcher using secondary sources, especially if drawn from the Internet, will want to conduct a source evaluation. • There are five factor that can be applied to any type of source: • Purpose • Scope • Authority • Audience • Format 2013/10/21 研究方法 Evaluating information sources

  13. 2013/10/21 研究方法 Evaluating information sources

  14. 2013/10/21 研究方法 Evaluating information sources

  15. Evolution of Data Mining Data Mining Process 2013/10/21 研究方法 5.2 Mining Internal Sources

  16. The purpose of data mining is to identify valid, novel, useful, and ultimately understandable patterns in data. A data warehouse is an electronic repository for databases that organizes large volumes of data into categories to facilitate retrieval, interpretation, and sorting by end users. Data in data warehouse must be continually updated to ensure that managers have access to data appropriate for real-time decisions. 2013/10/21 研究方法

  17. Data-mining software using -Neural network -Fuzzy logic -Pattern Recognition 2013/10/21 研究方法 Evolution of Data Mining

  18. 2013/10/21 研究方法 Evoulution of Data Mining(cont.)

  19. This technology provides two unique capabilities to the reasercher or manager: -Pattern Discovery e.g. MasterCard -Predicting Trends and Behaviors e.g. Bank of American & Mellon Bank 2013/10/21 研究方法 Evoulution of Data Mining(cont.)

  20. 2013/10/21 研究方法 Data Mining Process

  21. Sample: the researcher must decide whether to use the entire data set or sample of the data. Explore : visually and numerically for trends or groups . The researcher also looks for outliers. 2013/10/21 研究方法 Data Mining Process(cont.)

  22. Modify:a data reduction program, such as factor analysis 、correspondence analysis or clustering may be used. Model: include neural networks as well as decision tree, sequence-based, classification and estimation and genetic-based models. Assess: assess the model to estimate how well it performs. 2013/10/21 研究方法 Data Mining Process(cont.)

  23. 5.3The Question Hierarchy：How Ambiguous QuestionBecomeActionable Research 2013/10/21 研究方法

  24. 2013/10/21 研究方法 Management-Research Question Hierarchy

  25. WHAT IS MANAGEMENT QUESTION? Management questions are the restatement of the management dilemma in question form. 2013/10/21 研究方法 5.3.1 Management Question

  26. Types of Management Questions 2013/10/21 研究方法 5.3.1 Management Question

  27. Exploration To move forward in the management-research question hierarchy and define the research question, we need to collect some exploratory information. 2013/10/21 研究方法 5.3.1 Management Question

  28. Exploration 2013/10/21 研究方法 5.3.1 Management Question

  29. Fine – Tuning(微調) Fine-tuning the question is precisely what a skillful practitioner must do after the exploration is complete. At this point, a clearer picture of the management and research questions begins to emerge. 2013/10/21 研究方法 5.3.2Research Question(s)

  30. The researcher should address other research question-related activities in this phase to enhance the direction of project. 1.Examine variables 2.Evaluate hypothesis 3. Determine necessary evidence 4. Set scope of study 2013/10/21 研究方法 5.3.2Research Question(s)

  31. Develops major investigative questions and each question has several subquestions. Example： What is the public’s position regarding financial services and their use? What specific financial services are used? How attractive are various services? What bank-specific and environmental factors influence a person’s use of a particular service? 2013/10/21 研究方法 5.3.3Investigative Question(s)

  32. Measurement questions are the actual questions that researchers use to collect data in a study. Two types of measurement questions arecommon in business research： 1.Predesigned measurement questions 2.Custom-designed measurement questions 此處僅簡短論述，更詳細的內容將於第十一章解說 2013/10/21 研究方法 5.3.4Measurement Question(s)

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