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MIRACLE IN PHILADEPHIA:. THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION. JAMES MADISON. “FATHER OF THE CONSTITUTION”. MADISONIAN MODEL. MADISON’S MIND SET. THE NATIONAL PRINCIPLE. CURB STATE POWER FROM IRRESPONSIBLE POLICY AND ACTING AGAINST THE COMMON GOOD
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MIRACLE IN PHILADEPHIA: THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
JAMES MADISON “FATHER OF THE CONSTITUTION”
MADISONIAN MODEL MADISON’S MIND SET
CURB STATE POWER FROM IRRESPONSIBLE POLICY AND ACTING AGAINST THE COMMON GOOD • NATIONAL POLICY INSTEAD OF COMPETING & CONTRADICTORY STATE POLICY
ARTICLES DECENTRALIZE POWER TOO MUCH • ONE NATION, RATHER THAN A PACT OF SOVEREIGN STATES
THWART TYRANNY OF THE MAJORITY
PLACE AS MUCH GOVT. AS POSSIBLE BEYOND THE DIRECT CONTROL OF THE MAJORITY • SEPARATION OF POWERS • CHECKS AND BALANCES
DECENTRALIZE POWER IN CENTRAL GOVT. • CREATE AN “EXTENDED REPUBLIC” • INDIRECTLY ELECTED OFFICIALS
MADISON'S IDEAS ON GOVT. SERVED AS THE BASIS FOR DISCUSSION AND DEBATE AT THE CONVENTION
LONE NY DELEGATE ALEXANDER HAMILTON
YOUNG (32) & ARROGANT FAVORED A STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
CO-AUTHOR OF THE FEDERALIST
“Why has government been instituted at all? Because the passions of men will not conform to the dictates of reason and justice, without constraint.” • -Alexander Hamilton-
CT- AUTHOR OF THE GREAT OR CONNECTICUT COMPROMISE ROGER SHERMAN
The upper house (Senate) would have equal representation and be elected by the lower house The lower house (House of Representatives) would be subject to proportional representation
MA DELEGATE- WOULD LEAD FIGHT AGAINST RATIFICATION ELBRIDGE GERRY
"I had rather be a free citizen of the small republic of Massachusetts, than an oppressed subject of the great American empire."-Elbridge Gerry-
THE MEETING AGENDA
AREAS OF AGREEMENT
HUMAN NATURE 1. PEOPLE ARE SELF-INTERESTED
2. PEOPLE LIKE, AND ABUSE, POWER
3. FACTIONS INEVITABLE & LEAD TO POLITICAL CONFLICT
“faction, a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adversed to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community.” - James Madison, Federalist 10
TO DESTROY THEM WOULD BE TO DESTROY LIBERTY
TO GO UNCHECKED FACTIONS WILL DESTROY GOVT.
“But what is government itself but the greatest of all reflections on human nature? If men were angels, no government would be necessary.” – James Madison-
4. GOAL OR PURPOSE OF GOVT. WAS TO PROTECT & PRESERVE PROPERTY RIGHTS
5. GOVERNMENT MUST BE BALANCED STATE GOVT. NAT'L GOVT.
6. POWER NEEDS TO BE DISPERSED
“the great security against a (tyranny), consists in giving to those who administer each department the necessary constitutional means and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others. Ambition must be made to counteract ambition.” - James Madison, Federalist 51-
AREAS OF DISAGREEMENT
1. REPRESENTATION DISAGREEMENTS: PEOPLE OR STATES?
VIRGINIA OR LARGE STATE PLAN RUTLEDGE & MADISON
ELECT ELECT LOWER HOUSE UPPER HOUSE
ELECT WHO SAID "NO WAY!"? ELECT LOWER HOUSE UPPER HOUSE
NEW JERSEY OR SMALL STATE PLAN WILLIAM PATERSON
EQUALLY REPRESENTED
MAJOR STALEMATE HOW WAS IT RESOLVED?
2 EACH ELECT COMPROMISE
SLAVERY DISAGREEMENTS: SHOULD SLAVES BE COUNTED AND TAXED?
YES TO COUNTING NO TO TAXING SLAVES- WHY?
NO TO COUNTING YES TO TAXING SLAVES- WHY?
MAJOR STALEMATE HOW WAS IT RESOLVED?
140,178 + 3/5 108,895 140,178 + 65,337 = 205,515 3/5 COMPROMISE
ECONOMICS & DISAGREEMENTS COMMERCE COMPROMISES