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Review of field projects under the GCCC umbrella. Critical role of field projects for GCCC. “Obtain additional funding for field demonstrations at an appropriate scale to demonstrate competence in measurement, monitoring, and verification (MMV) and project economic viability”
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Critical role of field projects for GCCC • “Obtain additional funding for field demonstrations at an appropriate scale to demonstrate competence in measurement, monitoring, and verification (MMV) and project economic viability” • From original proposals for BEG/BP. Kinder Morgan “ Carbon Management Center” December 2002
Field projects integrated with paper studies • Field tests validate theoretical and model predictions and advance understanding rapidly. Four GCCC goals have field components • Goal 2.0: To Develop Selection Criteria for Commercial CO2 Sequestration • Goal 3: To Define an Adequate and Reliable Monitoring and Verification Strategy Applicable to Long Term Storage • Goal 4: Evaluation of Sources Risk and Liability Potentially Associated with CO2 Sequestration • Goal 5: Evaluation of Economic Potential of CO2 to Enhance Oil and Gas Recovery in the Gulf Coast • Field tests provide access for decision makers to see how the process works
GCCC Field Tests for Monitoring and Verification Technologies SECARB Phase II&II Cranfield Frio Test Site SACROC
Frio I and II Key results • First US brine sequestration test • Successful tool deployment – CO2 movement quantified • Good match to numerical models -GEM TOUGH2, geochemical models • New tool development – U-tube and Continuous Active Source Seismic Monitoring (CASSM) • Precedent for other tests and EPA regulations
Observation well Injection well
SECARB Phase II (Cranfield Oil ring) Overarching Research Focuses (1) Sweep efficiency – how effectively are pore volumes contacted by CO2? • Important in recovery efficiency in EOR • For storage – what is capacity of subsurface? Prediction of plume size (2) Injection volume is sum of fluid displacement, dilatancy, dissolution, and rock+fluid compression • Tilt to start to understand magnitude of dilatancy • Bottom hole pressure mapping to estimate fluid displacement (3) Effectiveness of Mississippi well completions regs in retaining CO2 in GHG context • Above zone monitoring
PHASE II OBSERVATION WELL LOCATION Monitor Sand Marine Shale Seal 375’ Injection Sand 3 MMCFD Injection rates Phase II : ½ Million Tons/yr Phase III : 1-1.5 Mt/yr
Phase III Research Focuses • Large volume - Multiple wells • Brine downdip from production • Follow-on from Phase II issues • Tilt, pressure, plume interaction • Follow-on from Frio test results • Direct measurement of plume evolution with CASSM – a “trip wire technology” • Dissolution of CO2 into oil and brine
Integration of Research: Theoretical Approaches Through Commercialization Commercial Deployment by Southern Co. Contingency plan Parsimonious public assurance monitoring CO2 saturation and extent size correctly predicted by model Toward commercia-lization CO2 retained in-zone- document no leakage to air-no damage to water Pressure (flow plus deformation) correctly predicted by model CO2 saturation correctly predicted by flow modeling Hypothesis tested CO2 saturation measured through time – acoustic impedance + conductivity Tomography and change through time Surface monitoring: instrument verification Groundwater program CO2 variation over time Tilt, microcosmic, pressure mapping Acoustic response to pressure change over time Field experiments Above-zone acoustic monitoring (CASSM) & pressure monitoring 3- D time lapse surface seismic Dissolution and saturation measured via tracer breakthrough and chromatography Sensitivity of tools; saturated-vadose modeling of flux and tracers Lab-based core response to EM and acoustic under various saturations, tracer behavior Advanced simulation of reservoir pressure field Theory and lab
SACROC goals • Documented any measurable impact to water after 35 years of injection • Conformance of CO2 • Check this with Becky