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Chapter 10

Chapter 10. Universal Gravitation and Satellite Motion. Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation. All objects that have mass are attracted to each other by a gravitational force F G = G x. F G = gravitational force between the two objects G = Universal gravitational constant

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Chapter 10

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  1. Chapter 10 Universal Gravitation and Satellite Motion

  2. Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation • All objects that have mass are attracted to each other by a gravitational force FG = G x FG = gravitational force between the two objects G = Universal gravitational constant = 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2/kg2 m1 = mass of first object m2 = mass of second object r = distance between center of mass of the two objects m1m2 r2

  3. Calculate the gravitational force between Jaci and Kyle when they are sitting at opposite sides of a table in Physics class. mJaci = 95 lb = 43 kg mKyle = 150 lb = 68 kg r = 1.5 meters G = 6.67 x 10-11 N m2/kg2 Plug in and solve for FG

  4. Gravitational Field • The area around a massive body in which an object experiences a gravitational force. • The more massive and closer an object is to that body, the stronger is the gravitational field. • Movement caused by gravitational field is known as acceleration due to gravity.

  5. Orbit • The path by an object during its revolution around another object • Examples: path of moon or satellite around earth, path of planets around sun • Gravity still has pull of objects even when they are in orbit. Orbiting objects must have horizontal velocity to counteract free fall caused by gravity.

  6. Combine horizontal velocity vector with free fall vector (velocity from gravity) to get resultant vector = orbit vh vg vo

  7. The velocity of an orbiting satellite can be found by combining the equations for centripetal motion and the law of universal gravitation.(see page 281)

  8. Satellites: where would we be without them? • Weather • Military intelligence • Television • Telephone • Internet • GPS (Global Positioning Satellites) • Scientific Exploration

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