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Basics of Asynchronous Logic. Robby Willer. What is Asynchronous Logic?. Digital system lacking a global clock signal Also known as “clockless” logic Gates and registers communicate through a request-acknowledge process known as a “handshake”
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Basics of Asynchronous Logic Robby Willer
What is Asynchronous Logic? • Digital system lacking a global clock signal • Also known as “clockless” logic • Gates and registers communicate through a request-acknowledge process known as a “handshake” • Has existed since the 1950s but has never achieved widespread use
Advantages of Asynchronous Logic • Claimed lower power dissipation and improved efficiency • Improved EMI performance • More stable current from supply • Performance is not bottlenecked by worst-case delay paths and the system can, on average, run at higher frequencies
“Handshaking” Process • Before bit is sent, sender outputs a request signal to receiver which then returns an acknowledge signal • A variety of schemes and encodings exist • May be two-phase or four-phase
Asynchronous Combinatorial Circuit • Unlike in synchronous circuits, the data should be valid at all times otherwise a hazard event occurs • As is, the combinatorial circuit below contains a hazard
Disadvantages of Asynchronous Logic • Additional control elements and request-acknowledge signals take up more space • Dedicated CAD tools must be used but few of these exist • Difficult to interface with synchronous systems • As the behavior of the system can be affected by ambient conditions such as temperature and supply voltage, debugging can be extremely challenging
References • Borkar, Shekhar. (2003). Does asynchronous logic design really have a future?. EE Times. • Hauck, Scott. (1995). Asynchronous Design Methodologies: An Overview. IEEE, Vol. 83, No. 1, pp. 69-93. • Jayasekar, Sathish. (2011). Low Power Digital Design using Asynchronous Logic. San Jose State University. • Nowick, Steven & Singh, Montek. (2011). High-Performance Asynchronous Pipelines: An Overview. IEEE Design & Test of Computers. • Sparso, Jens. (2006). Asynchronous Circuit Design: A Tutorial. Technical University of Denmark. • Sparso, Jens & Furber, Steve. (2001). Principles of Asynchronous Circuit Design. Technical University of Denmark.