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Precision harvesting and traceability in Durum wheat

Enhance wheat quality, mitigate N pollution, and optimize N input using precision agriculture and sensor tech. Case study shows benefits of management zone harvesting for higher gluten and protein content, enabling site-specific pasta production.

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Precision harvesting and traceability in Durum wheat

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  1. Precision harvesting and traceability in Durum wheat Francesco Morari DAFNAE, University of Padova

  2. Veneto Region: the landscape

  3. Pasta can be made with flour of different cereals….. but the best past is made with flour of Durum wheat…. 1) Durum wheat produces pasta with good cooking quality and stability to overcooking 2) High quality pasta = high protein content & high gluten content

  4. North Italy represents the northern limit for cultivation of durum wheat in Europe with uncertain results in terms of grain quality (e.g. protein content). Grain quality is strongly influenced by the interactions between cultivar, management and pedo-climatic conditions • High quality standard could be guaranteed by mean of: • Variety selection • N input at rates often double than those required to maximizing grain yield Higher cost and environmental problems

  5. Precision agriculture and sensor technologies offer new potentialities to meet grain quality standards • N variable rate application and site-specific N balance • optimize N input according to soil variability with an overall increase of N efficiency and reduction of N leaching and GHGs emission • Precision harvesting • maximize the tonnage of higher quality grades, allowing to separate the grain according to its quality

  6. Precision harvesting The Italian cereal market offers a premium to durum wheat stocks with a protein content > 13.5% Homogeneous harvest 13.2 % no premium $ 13.7% Precision harvest 13.7 % premium 12% no premium $ $ 12% $ Map of protein content

  7. The case study of Miana Serraglia farm Location: Venice Lagoon watershed Field size: 13.5 ha Problem: area classified as Nitrate Vulnerable Zone (EU Nitrate Directive) Goal: increase quality/quantity of durum wheat mitigating N pollution

  8. Nitrogen VRA based on prescription map • Durum wheat (cv Biensur ) • 2 years 2010-2011 • sod-seeding, • Fertilization • tillering stage (February) – base fertilisation 52 kg ha-1 y-1 (AN) • stem elongation (April) differentiated in the MZs (U) • flowering stage (May ) 15 kg ha-1 y-1 (foliar-UAN)

  9. Yield and protein contents were measured in continuous Sensed points

  10. Rx Grains – scanning camera- Sensor: 256 pixel diode array sensor (MMS1, Zeiss, Germany) range of 400-1100nm Infrared light source: 20W halogen lamp

  11. Management zone harvesting (MZ) • Each Homogeneous zone (HZ) is separately harvested. • HZ are identified using GPS system mounted on combine.

  12. Grain flour quality in management zone harvesting Sequential protein extractions on grain flour were performed on 6 sub-samples per MZ Different gluten protein fractions, gliadins, high (HMW-GS) and low-molecular weight glutenins (LMW-GS) were quantified spectrophotometrically • Higher quality • higher content of gluten • higher ratio HMW/LMW • higher ratio glutenins/gliadins

  13. Making site-specific pasta • Evaluation in terms of • technological properties • organoleptic test

  14. Year 2011 Water stress in the last part of crop cycle strongly affected the wheat performances High variability within the zones

  15. NDVI maps

  16. Protein quality first year • Higher quality in LFZ • higher content of gluten • higher ratio HMW/LMW • higher ratio glutenins/gliadins

  17. Year 2012

  18. Year 2012

  19. Site-specific pasta 130 +0 160+0 200+0 160+15 200+ 15 130 +15

  20. Technological parameters: firmness Pasini et al., 2017)

  21. What next?

  22. Management zone harvesting (MZ) • Each Homogeneous zone (HZ) is separately harvested. • HZ are identified using GPS system mounted on combine. • No necessity the presence of NIR sensor on combine • Product selected on the basis of qualitative potential of each HZ.

  23. On-combine differential harvesting • On-combine differential harvesting (CD) • The combine’s hopper is divided into two different bins. • NIRs sensor gives information on the go about field protein. • It is important to check the right cut-off value. <13,5% > 13,5% Cillis et al., 2016

  24. Cillis et al., 2016

  25. Research Partners Giuliano Mosca Luigi Sartori Donato Cillis Paolo Berzaghi Gabriella Pasini Giovanni Visioli Roberto Ferrise Marco Bindi Research supported by Progetto AGER, grant n. 2010-C21J10000660002

  26. Thank you for your attention

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