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The Digestive System

The Digestive System. Digestive System. Alimentary canal Accessory digestive organs 6 essential activities. Regulation (mechanical and chemical stimuli) Extrinsic control Intrinsic control. Histology of the Alimentary Canal. Mucosa. 3 functions

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The Digestive System

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  1. The Digestive System

  2. Digestive System • Alimentary canal • Accessory digestive organs • 6 essential activities • Regulation (mechanical and chemical • stimuli) • Extrinsic control • Intrinsic control

  3. Histology of the Alimentary Canal Mucosa 3 functions Consists of three layers:a lining epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae • The mucus secretions • Functions • Cells

  4. Mucosa: Lamina Propria and Muscularis Mucosae • Lamina Propria • Muscularis mucosae Other layersSubmucosaMuscularis externaSerosa

  5. Mouth • Oral or buccal cavity • Epithelium • characteristic Salivary Glands • 4 functions • 3 (pair) Extrinsic salivary glands • Intrinsic salivary glands

  6. Digestive Processes in the Mouth Pharynx • Food and fluids to the esophagus • Cells Esophagus Muscular tube, Muscularis changes enroute

  7. Stomach • chyme • Regions • Nerve supply • Blood supply • Muscles of stomach

  8. Microscopic Anatomy of the Stomach • Epithelial lining • Gastric pits

  9. Glands of the Stomach Fundus and Body Gastric glands • Parietal • Mucous neck cells • Chief cells • Enteroendocrine cells – secrete gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and somatostatin into the lamina propria

  10. Small Intestine: Microscopic Anatomy • Structural modifications: • Cells and structures • Plicaecirculares • Villi • Microvilli

  11. Liver • Cells • Functions • Hepatic Artery and Hepatic Portal Vein

  12. Bile • bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, neutral fats, phospholipids, and electrolytes The Gallbladder • Function of gallbladder • Bile • Function of bile • Gallstones

  13. Regulation of Bile Release

  14. Pancreas • Endocrine function • Islets of Langerhans • Exocrine function • Acini Cells • Pancreatic Juice and enzymes

  15. Regulation of Pancreatic Secretion

  16. Large Intestine • Cells • Functions • Bacterial Flora

  17. Digestive phases: • Overlapping • Cephalic • Gastric • Intestinal

  18. Nutrition • Nutrients • Minerals • Vitamins

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