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The Digestive System

Explore the digestive system, from the alimentary canal to accessory organs, and understand the histology, functions, and processes involved. Learn about regulation, mucosa layers, salivary glands, stomach anatomy, small intestine modifications, liver functions, and more.

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The Digestive System

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  1. The Digestive System

  2. Digestive System • Alimentary canal • Accessory digestive organs • 6 essential activities • Regulation (mechanical and chemical • stimuli) • Extrinsic control • Intrinsic control

  3. Histology of the Alimentary Canal Mucosa 3 functions Consists of three layers:a lining epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae • The mucus secretions • Functions • Cells

  4. Mucosa: Lamina Propria and Muscularis Mucosae • Lamina Propria • Muscularis mucosae Other layersSubmucosaMuscularis externaSerosa

  5. Mouth • Oral or buccal cavity • Epithelium • characteristic Salivary Glands • 4 functions • 3 (pair) Extrinsic salivary glands • Intrinsic salivary glands

  6. Digestive Processes in the Mouth Pharynx • Food and fluids to the esophagus • Cells Esophagus Muscular tube, Muscularis changes enroute

  7. Stomach • chyme • Regions • Nerve supply • Blood supply • Muscles of stomach

  8. Microscopic Anatomy of the Stomach • Epithelial lining • Gastric pits

  9. Glands of the Stomach Fundus and Body Gastric glands • Parietal • Mucous neck cells • Chief cells • Enteroendocrine cells – secrete gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and somatostatin into the lamina propria

  10. Small Intestine: Microscopic Anatomy • Structural modifications: • Cells and structures • Plicaecirculares • Villi • Microvilli

  11. Liver • Cells • Functions • Hepatic Artery and Hepatic Portal Vein

  12. Bile • bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, neutral fats, phospholipids, and electrolytes The Gallbladder • Function of gallbladder • Bile • Function of bile • Gallstones

  13. Regulation of Bile Release

  14. Pancreas • Endocrine function • Islets of Langerhans • Exocrine function • Acini Cells • Pancreatic Juice and enzymes

  15. Regulation of Pancreatic Secretion

  16. Large Intestine • Cells • Functions • Bacterial Flora

  17. Digestive phases: • Overlapping • Cephalic • Gastric • Intestinal

  18. Nutrition • Nutrients • Minerals • Vitamins

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