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Travel Opportunity!

Travel Opportunity!. March 6 th : Trip to Dallas Visit the new Perot Museum of Nature & Science & Museum of Biblical Art hosted by Babs Cape signup in Lobby. websites: www.SeniorUniv.org www.VagabondGeology.com. Ancient Pathways

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Travel Opportunity!

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  1. Travel Opportunity! March 6th : Trip to Dallas Visit the new Perot Museum of Nature & Science & Museum of Biblical Art hosted by Babs Cape signup in Lobby

  2. websites: www.SeniorUniv.org www.VagabondGeology.com Ancient Pathways Ancient Peoples Week 4: into Asia Week 3: into Europe Week 2: into Africa Week 1: beginning in East Africa

  3. websites: www.SeniorUniv.org www.VagabondGeology.com SESSION 5 Week 6: into Americas - Stone Age Timeline - Beringia: an Ice Age - Ages of Human Development Week 5: across Beringia Week 4: into Asia Across Beringia Week 3: into Europe Week 2: into Africa Week 1: beginning in East Africa

  4. The Stone Age: 2.5 million to 4000 YBP (years before present) 2.5M – ‘Little Foot’, ‘Ms Ples’ 1.8M – ‘Nutcracker Man’ 1.7M – ‘Handy Man’ 300,000 YBP 2.5 MILLION 1.4 MILLION 2 MILLION 3.5M – footprints EARLY STONE AGE – stone tools, fire Week 1 (Tanzania) - Laetoli - Oldupai Gorge • Week 2 • (South Africa) • Cradle of Humk’d Week 3 What pre-humans lived then? Australopithecus Paranthropus Homo group sapiens

  5. 4000 YBP 10,000 YBP The Stone Age: 2.5 million to 4000 YBP (years before present) 2.5M – ‘Little Foot’, ‘Ms Ples’ 1.8M – ‘Nutcracker Man’ Week 4 (China) - Banpo People Week 3 this week (Beringia) - Prince of Wales Is. 1.7M – ‘Handy Man’ 300,000 YBP 2.5 MILLION 1.4 MILLION 2 MILLION 3.5M – footprints (France) - Lascaux 20,000 YBP 50,000 YBP 30,000 YBP 40,000 YBP 10,000 – On-Your-Knees 6,700 – Banpo EARLY STONE AGE – stone tools, fire Week 1 (Tanzania) - Laetoli - Oldupai Gorge • Week 2 • (South Africa) • Cradle of Civil’n • Week 3 It started with an Ice Age! • (New Stone Age) • pottery • farming • livestock Upper Paleolithic Neolithic • (Late Stone Age) • symbolic thought • language • domesticated dogs Australopithecus Paranthropus Homo group sapiens

  6. Glacial Ages Ice Ages - long term reduction in temperature of earth’s surface and atmosphere • - presence or expansion of: • polar ice sheets • continental ice sheets • glaciers Let’s look at the big picture. . . - intermittent pulses of extra cold (glacials) & warmer periods (inter-glacials) within a Glacial Age

  7. Glacial Ages Geologic Time Scale - long term reduction in temperature of earth’s surface and atmosphere today • - presence or expansion of: • polar ice sheets • continental ice sheets • glaciers Let’s look at the big picture. . . - intermittent pulses of extra cold (glacials) & warmer periods (inter-glacials) within a Glacial Age 650 mya

  8. Glacial Ages 650 mya today

  9. Glacial Ages average global temperature 72o 63o 54o GLACIAL AGES Huronian & Sturtian/Marinoan 650 mya today 300mya 450 mya Karoo Andean-Saharan Pliocene-Quarternary

  10. Glacial Ages Let’s look at details . . .the last Glacial Age 72o 63o 54o Last 4 glacial pulses: 650,000 years ago began: 2.6 mya Pliocene-Quarternary

  11. Ice Ages & Glaciers Last 4 Glacial Pulses today -650,000

  12. Last 4 Glacial Pulses focus on the last 2 glacial pulses focus on the last 2 glacial pulses - 180,000 0

  13. focus on the last 2 glacial pulses What did North America look like during these pulses. . . - 180,000 0

  14. present GLACIAL OR INTER-GLACIAL TIME - 180,000

  15. Human Migration into North America! focus on the last 2 glacial pulses How do these pulses influence human migration? - 180,000 0

  16. Human Migration into North America! Migration into Asia . . . . . . starting in East Africa

  17. continued across Asia into the Americas . . Two theories on migration into the Americas

  18. continued across Asia into the Americas . . Two theories on migration into the Americas

  19. Land Route THEORY Coastal Route How can geology help? Two theories on migration into the Americas

  20. Human Migration into North America . . . in the last 50,000 years . . . when did events favor migration? - 180,000 0

  21. Human Migration into North America . . . interglacial glacial best chance during glacial recessions Let’s go & look Keep in mind . . . Pre-Clovis: < 13,000 Clovis: > 13,000 0 - 35000 -13000 -50,000

  22. X must cross Bering Strait 53 miles Beringia Land Bridge Clovis Pre-Clovis humans??

  23. Land Route Coastal Route What were these routes like? Two theories on migration into the Americas

  24. Two theories on migration into the Americas between the glacier & the ice sheet surface view Land Route http://www2.nau.edu/rcb7/namQ.jpg

  25. North South edge of the ice sheet treking south through mountains and over icy rivers! cold, hostile climate!

  26. Two theories on migration into the Americas surface view along 100’s of miles of frozen coastline Land Route Sea Route http://www2.nau.edu/rcb7/namQ.jpg

  27. awesome challenge of migrating by sea Two theories on migration into the Americas along 100’s of miles of frozen coastline Sea Route http://www2.nau.edu/rcb7/namQ.jpg

  28. http://www2.nau.edu/rcb7/namQ.jpg awesome challenge of migrating by sea Two theories on migration into the Americas Land Route: BERINGIA Land Route Land Route Sea Route http://www2.nau.edu/rcb7/namQ.jpg

  29. Two theories on migration into the Americas Land Route: BERINGIA Land Route Sea Route http://www2.nau.edu/rcb7/namQ.jpg

  30. Land Route: BERINGIA Today 53 miles of water Bering Strait Arctic Ocean Siberia Alaska Yukon Pacific Ocean

  31. Land Route: BERINGIA during the last ice age . . . vast glaciers formed . . . . . . . sea level dropped 400 feet . . . . . . exposing the floor of the Bering Sea . . . connecting Siberia & Alaska Arctic Ocean Beringia Land Bridge Siberia Alaska Yukon Pacific Ocean

  32. Beringia Interpretive Center Land Route: BERINGIA during the last ice age . . . vast glaciers formed . . . . . . . Beringia was grassland steppe . . . . . . with light snowfall . . . . and much plant & animal life Beringia Land Bridge Siberia Alaska Yukon Whitehorse The Land Route

  33. Beringia Interpretive Center

  34. Beringia Interpretive Center

  35. Beringia Interpretive Center The Wooly Manmonth

  36. Beringia Interpretive Center The Wooly Manmonth • 14 feet tall, 8 tons • - 700 lbs of grasses/day • - adapted to extreme • cold temperature • - 11,000 YBP: extinct • in eastern Beringia • - 3,700 YBP: extinct • in northern Siberia

  37. Beringia Interpretive Center The Wooly Manmonth Giant Beavers • 14 feet tall, 8 tons • - 700 lbs of grasses/day • - adapted to extreme • cold temperature • - 11,000 YBP: extinct • in eastern Beringia • - 3,700 YBP: extinct • in northern Siberia • - 8 feet long • 480 lbs • shoebox size teeth • - extinct: 10,000 YBP

  38. Beringia Interpretive Center Giant Beavers Giant Flat Faced Bear • - 8 feet long • 480 lbs • shoebox size teeth • - extinct: 10,000 YBP • - 5 feet tall • - 1500 lbs • largest land predator • of the Ice Age • almost exclusively • carnivorous

  39. Beringia Interpretive Center Who were these Stone Age Homo sapiens? Giant Flat Faced Bear

  40. Who were these Stone Age Homo sapiens?

  41. Who were these Stone Age Homo sapiens? - ancestors of the Alaskan Yupik Nation - blood type, linguistics, & DNA confirm common ancestry with the Siberian Yupiks

  42. Who were these Stone Age Homo sapiens? - ancestors of the Alaskan Yupik Nation ALASKA SIBERIA Russia Canada North Pole

  43. Who were these Stone Age Homo sapiens? LAND BRIDGE - ancestors of the Alaskan Yupik Nation ALASKA SIBERIA about 10,000 YPB Russia ik Canada North Pole Siberian Yupik Alaskan Yupik

  44. Who were these Stone Age Homo sapiens? Two theories on migration into the Americas - ancestors of the Alaskan Yupik Nation about 10,000 YPB Land Route LAND BRIDGE ik Siberian Yupik Sea Route Alaskan Yupik http://www2.nau.edu/rcb7/namQ.jpg

  45. http://www2.nau.edu/rcb7/namQ.jpg Two theories on migration into the Americas Sea Route: ALONG THE COAST Land Route Sea Route Sea Route http://www2.nau.edu/rcb7/namQ.jpg

  46. Sea Route: ALONG THE COAST Alaska Panhandle Sea Route Alaska Panhandle http://www2.nau.edu/rcb7/namQ.jpg

  47. Sea Route: ALONG THE COAST CANADA MOUNTAINS ALASKA Alaska Panhandle

  48. Sea Route: ALONG THE COAST 1996: Alaskan paleontologist found human remains 10,300 years old 2008: DNA testing found genetic relatives along the western coast Alaska -- California – tip of Argentina MOUNTAINS Prince of Wales Island On-your-knees Cave Alaska Panhandle

  49. Sea Route: ALONG THE COAST 1996: Alaskan paleontologist found human remains 10,300 years old 2008: DNA testing found genetic relatives along the western coast Alaska -- California – tip of Argentina STUDY CONCLUSION: “an ancient pathway south . . . a coastal migration” Two theories on migration into the Americas On-your-knees Cave Sea Route Alaska Panhandle http://www2.nau.edu/rcb7/namQ.jpg

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