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THE PASSIVE (UNITS 42-46 GRAMMAR BOOKS)

THE PASSIVE (UNITS 42-46 GRAMMAR BOOKS). Use the passive when you want to talk about an action but you are not interested in saying who or what does the action. If you want to mention the person or thing that did the action (the agent), use by.

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THE PASSIVE (UNITS 42-46 GRAMMAR BOOKS)

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  1. THE PASSIVE (UNITS 42-46 GRAMMAR BOOKS) • Use the passive when you want to talk about an action but you are not interested in saying who or what does the action. • If you want to mention the person or thing that did the action (the agent), use by. • In the majority of passive sentences the agent is not mentioned.

  2. PASSIVE – ALL FORMS Presentsimple: Wine isproducedin Italy. Presentcontinuous: The trial isbeingheldnow. Presentperfect: Mycarhasbeenstolen. Pastsimple: Jim wasarrestedlast month. Pastcontinous: The cinema wasbeingrebuiltwhenitwas set on fire. Pastperfect: Wesawthatoneof the windows hadbeenbroken. Future: The prisonerwillbereleasednextmonth. Infinitive withto: People usedtobeimprisonedforstealingbread. Infinitive withoutto: Youcan befinedfor parking on a yellow line. Gerund: Hepaid a fine toavoidbeing sent tojail.

  3. IT IS SAID THAT….HE IS THOUGHT TO… • Thisformalstructureisusedespecially in news reports and on TV with the verbsknow, tell, understand, report, expect, sayandthink. Itmakes the information sound more impersonal. • You can useItissaid, believed, supposed, + that + clause:Itissaidthat the company mayclose. • You can useHe, The man (the subjectof the clause) + issaid, believedetc, + to + infinitive or perfect infinitive (eg. Tohavebeen): The man issaidtobe in his 40s. Heisbelievedtohaveleft the country

  4. HAVE SOMETHING DONE • We use this structure to say that we arrange for somebody else to do something for us: Lisa had the roof repaired. (she arranged for somebody else to do it). • You can also say “get something done” mainly in informal spoken English.

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