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V-22 Osprey First Flight on Unpaved Surfaces

V-22 Osprey First Flight on Unpaved Surfaces. SETP Safety Symposium Vienna Austria Nov 10-12, 2009. PURPOSE OF TEST. V-22 Landing Gear: Previous EMD testing only done between 5-20 knots on “benign” surface No Testing outside of paved surfaces. Small nose gear capabilities unknown.

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V-22 Osprey First Flight on Unpaved Surfaces

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  1. V-22 Osprey First Flight on Unpaved Surfaces SETP Safety Symposium Vienna Austria Nov 10-12, 2009

  2. PURPOSE OF TEST V-22 Landing Gear: • Previous EMD testing only done between 5-20 knots on “benign” surface • No Testing outside of paved surfaces. • Small nose gear capabilities unknown. • User (USMC / AFSOC) desire as much capability as possible. • Tiltrotor has unique capabilities that result in a large scope of tests.

  3. Definitions • Semi prepared runway operations • Landing zones/areas where fixed wing aviation operations are intended • Grass strips • Unpaved/gravel/dirt runways

  4. Definitions • Un-prepared field operations • Landing zones not intended for fixed wing ops but may be suitable for a smaller envelope • Athletic fields • Agricultural areas • Cleared LZs/DZs

  5. Definitions • STOL • Short Take Off and Landing • 60˚ or 75˚ Nacelle • 90˚ Helicopter Mode • 60˚ for Heavy GW • 75˚ for Tactical Mid GW • Can increase take off capability by up to 5000 lbs

  6. Test Methodology • Fixed Step Obstacle Test • Grass Field Testing • Taxi/STO/ROL • 46K, 49.5K, 52.6K • Semi-prepared Field Testing (CBR 20+) • Taxi/STO/ROL • 46K, 52.6K, 57K • “Un-prepared” Field Testing (CBR 7.5-20) • Taxi/STO/ROL • 46K, 49.5K, 52.6K

  7. Identify Risks • Structural Failure • Excessive Loads • Airfield not to specified values • Loss of Situational Awareness • Brown out / DUCE • Loss of Directional Control • Hard Landing • FOD • Blown Tires

  8. Risk Mitigation • Build up • Gross Weight • Ground Speed • Brown out considerations • Build down • CBR • Higher CBR = “harder field” (CBR 20+) • Lower CBR = “softer field” (CBR 7.5 – 20)

  9. Test Preparation • Pre-test Training • Engineer training with MAWTS-1 AGS • DCP training • Airfield assessment • US Army Engineering Research and Development Center • Test plan review • Site survey DCP data review • Computer analysis/predictions/model correlation

  10. Test Preparation • C-17 SPRO Testing • Engine FOD damage due to reverse thrust • LG damage due to short landing • Runway deterioration due to max braking • Avionic fans dust ingestion • Testing on going at multiple off-sites to evaluate multiple surface types/conditions

  11. Test Preparation • C-130J Testing • Similar to C-17 LL • Erosion of underside of AC and antennas • FOD APU/Engines • Brown out on deceleration • Runway deterioration

  12. Test Preparation • MV-22 Austere Ops Testing • VTOL landings in DUCE • Maintenance Issues • FOD • AVIONICS FILTERS • GEAR BOX TEMPS • POST FLIGHT REQUIREMENTS

  13. Fixed Step Bump Testing • AM-2 Matting • Shimmed to 2” and 4” • Anchored to runway • GW 46K, 52.6K & 57K • GS 10-70 (+/- 5 KGS) • 1600-2400 ft remaining after bump

  14. Fixed Step Bump Testing

  15. NLG DSRA LOAD 22 Knots Alert -Compression Exceedance

  16. Semi Prepared Austere Eval • 25 to 35 knots required to touchdown with no brown out

  17. Semi-Prepared LZ • High CBR 25-100 • Very low loads on all structural components

  18. C-17 STO Video

  19. C-17 ROL Video

  20. Unprepared DZ

  21. 10 Knot 49K LB GW

  22. What Happened?

  23. Airfield Post Collapse Survey

  24. Lessons Learned • Unprepared surfaces have features that are not identifiable by standard surveys • Flight test requires very specific conditions • Onsite subject matter experts can be valuable • Full scale structures tests (load cart with landing gear) in controlled environments can reduce problems down the road • Despite all the planning in world, Flight Test is Unpredictable and Risky!!

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