Week 1 Chapter 11 Cardiology Instructor: Dr. Kathleen Bishop

1. Week 1Chapter 11Cardiology Instructor: Dr. Kathleen Bishop

2. Question #2 • What is the vegetable you love to hate the most?

3. Syllabus • Your syllabus contains all the information you need to know about the course • Late work • Grades • Naming documents • Etc. • Please READ thoroughly so you know the rules and we’ll all get along famously….thanks Dr. B

4. How this class will work…. • This is an open book Seminar. • Be prepared to respond to the questions on each slide. • Be prepared to share your thoughts with the other class participants. • You will see an answer slide so you can check how you did.

5. Cardiology Abbreviations Please State the Meaning • ACE • VSD • MI • HDL • CABG • RCA • LDL • CHF • PND • ASD

6. Cardiology Abbreviations Answers • ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme • VSD ventricular septal defect • MI myocardial infarction • HDL high-density lipoprotein • CABG coronary bypass artery graft • RCA right coronary artery • LDL low-density lipoprotein • CHF congestive heart failure • PND paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea • ASD atrial septal defect

7. Transcription Tip • It is helpful to remember location of the atria by visualizing the architecture of a Roman house, from where the term atrium derives. The atrium was an entrance where a person was greeted before moving into other rooms. The atria are the first chambers in the heart to receive blood before it empties into the ventricles to be pumped throughout the body (Gilmore 2009).

8. What is the correct term? • Her laboratory data reflected a (BMP, BNP) of 47.5 • (Cor, Cord): Regular rate and rhythm with no murmurs. • His next exam revealed faint (brutes, bruits) on the right. • Nitroglycerin is a kind of (nitrate, nitrite) medication. • The patient was diagnosed a year ago with a non-Q-wave myocardial (infraction, infarction). • The echocardiogram was normal with an (ejection, infection) fraction of 70%. • Today the patient states he is doing quite well without any complaints of dyspnea on exertion (PND, PMD) or orthopnea. • Her lipid profile is satisfactory with normal total cholesterol, triglycerides, (HGL, HDL) and LGL, LDL). • The cardiologist performed an angioplasty with placement of a (stent, stint) in the right coronary artery. • (Carbonate, Calcium) channel blockers decrease the heart’s pumping strength to help lower blood pressure.

9. Answers • Her laboratory data reflected a (BMP, BNP) of 47.5 • (Cor, Cord): Regular rate and rhythm with no murmurs. • His next exam revealed faint (brutes, bruits) on the right. • Nitroglycerin is a kind of (nitrate, nitrite) medication. • The patient was diagnosed a year ago with a non-Q-wave myocardial (infraction, infarction). • The echocardiogram was normal with an (ejection, infection) fraction of 70%. • Today the patient states he is doing quite well without any complaints of dyspnea on exertion (PND, PMD) or orthopnea. • Her lipid profile is satisfactory with normal total cholesterol, triglycerides, (HGL, HDL) and LGL, LDL). • The cardiologist performed an angioplasty with placement of a (stent, stint) in the right coronary artery. • (Carbonate, Calcium) channel blockers decrease the heart’s pumping strength to help lower blood pressure.

10. Cardiology Abbreviations Please State the Meaning • TIMI • ARB • LAD • METS • MUGA • SA • CPK • LCA • PTCA • EKG

11. Cardiology Abbreviations Answers • TIMI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction • ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker • LAD left anterior descending artery • METS metabolic equivalents • MUGA multiple gated acquisition scan • SA sinoatrial (node) • CPK creatine phosphokinase • LCA left coronary artery; left circumflex artery • PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty • EKG electrocardiogram

12. Transcription Tip • The term aorta means that first to apply the name to this artery because the arching curve of the aorta as it exits the heart and descends into the body looks something like a modern-day clothes hanger (Gilmore, 2009).

13. Define the following terms: • heart failure • transposition of the great vessels • hypertension • patent ductus arteriosis (PDA) • pulmonary stenosis • tetralogy of Fallot • cardiac arrest • congestive heart failure • fluoroscopy • Dressler syndrome

14. Answers to Define the following terms • A condition in which the heart muscle does not pump the way it should. • A condition in which the location of the aorta and pulmonary artery is switched. • A condition in which the pressure of the blood in the arteries is too high; also called high blood pressure. • A condition in which there is abnormal circulation of blood between the aorta and pulmonary artery. • A condition of obstructed outflow of blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

15. Answers to Define the following terms (cont.) • A condition that causes too little oxygen levels in the blood. • A condition that occurs when the heart suddenly stops pumping effectively and begins to flutter wildly, failing to pump blood to the vital organs of the body. • A condition that occurs when the heart's weak pumping action causes a buildup of fluid in the lungs and other body tissues. • A continuous x-ray beam that is passed through a body part being examined then transmitted to a TV-like monitor so that the body part and its motion can be seen in detail. • A delayed form of pericarditis may occur weeks after a heart attack or heart surgery because of antibody formation.

16. Transcription Tip • Listen for the abbreviation TIMI (pronounced like timmy), when transcribing reports that describe the treatment of a patient with myocardial infarction. TIMI stands for thrombolysis in myocardial infarction and is a grading system (using grades 0 – 3) that refers to the reperfusion of blood flow achieved after the application of the thrombolyic therapy. It is transcribed with lowercase grade, followed by an Arabic numberal. Example: “The patient achieved a TIMI grade 3 flow at 60 minutes following thrombolytic therapy.” (Gilmore, 2009).

17. Cardiology Abbreviations Please State the Meaning • PDA • CAD • BNP • CK • LP(a) • mmHg • CRP

18. Cardiology Abbreviations Answers • PDA posterior descending artery OR patent ductus arteriosus • CAD coronary artery disease • BNP B-type natriuretic peptide • CK creatine kinase • LP(a) lipoprotein (a) • mmHg the measurement of blood pressure values • CRP C-reactive protein

19. Transcription Tip • A bruit is an abnormal heart sound or murmur heard on auscultation. The plural form of this term is bruits, but because of the term’s French origin, the s is not pronounced, although often heard in dictation. Therefore, both the singular and plural forms of the term is correctly pronounced as broo-ee. Sometimes dictators will mispronounce the term as broot. Do not transcribe the term as brute (Gilmore, 2009.

20. Define the following terms: • restrictive cardiomyopathy • pericardium • secondary hypertension • primary hypertension • thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) • electrocardiogram (EKG, also called ECG) • atrialseptal defect (ASD) • ventricular septal defect (VSD) • B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) • greater saphenous vein

21. Answers to Define the following terms • A disorder in which the ventricles become stiff but not necessarily thickened, and do not fill with blood normally between heartbeats. • A double-layered membrane that surrounds the heart like a sac. • A form of hypertension in which another disease or medication is the cause. • A form of hypertension in which there is no identifiable cause. • A grading system (grade 0 to 3) that evaluates reperfusion of blood flow achieved by thrombolytic therapy in a patient with myocardial infarction.

22. Answers to Define the following terms (cont.) • A graphic record of the electrical activity of the heart. • A hole in the atrium septum that separates the atria of the heart. • A hole in the wall that separates the ventricles of the heart. • A hormone in the blood made by the heart. • A large subcutaneous vein located in the leg and thigh.

23. Transcription Tip • When transcribing objective findings of the heart, listen for the terms S1 and s2. The letter S refers to sounds of the heart. S1 an S2 refer to the first and second heart sounds, which generally are always heard. When mention is made of an S3 or S4, the physician is referring to a murmur or some other type of abnormality of the heart (Gilmore, 2009).

24. Define the following terms: • lipoprotein (a) • ductus arteriosus • cyanosis • atherosclerosis • myocardial band enzymes of creatine phosphokinase (CK-MB) • myocardial band enzymes of creatine phosphokinase (CPK-MB) • troponin • creatine kinase (CK) • creatine phosphokinase (CPK) • pericardial effusion

25. Answers to Define the following terms • A biochemical in the body measured in cardiac risk factor testing. • A blood vessel that connects the aorta and pulmonary artery. • A bluish coloration to the skin. • A buildup of plaques in the coronary arteries, causing the arteries to become hardened and narrowed. • A cardiac enzyme found in the cells of the heart.

26. Answers to Define the following terms (cont.) • A cardiac enzyme found in the cells of the heart. • A cardiac enzyme found in the cells of the heart. • A cardiac enzyme. • A cardiac enzyme. • A condition in which fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac.

27. Transcription Tip • The classification of cardiac failure widely used by physicians was developed by the New York Heart Association. This system ascribed the severity of a patient’s cardiac failure using Roman numerals I through IV, with I being asymptomatic and IV denoting sever cardiac failure, symptomatic at rest. Transcribe this value using lowercase class, followed by a roman numeral (I through IV) (Gilmore, 2009).

28. Fill in the Blanks • What is the abbreviation for myocardial infarction? • Name the medical specialty dealing with the heart. • Which atrium receives blood from the body? • What is the adjectival form of the word ventricle? • What is the abbreviation for electrocardiogram? • Which chamber contains the tricuspid valve? • What is a normal heart rate called? • Which test uses exercise to evaluate the heart? • What is a leakage of blood back through a valve called? • What condition is referred to as a hole in the heart?

29. Fill in the Blanks Answers • MI • Cardiology • The left atrium • Ventricular • EKG • The right atrium (or right ventricle) • Sinus rhythm • Cardiac stress test • Regurgitation • Atrial septal defect

30. Transcription Tip • Form terms such a T wave, in which there is no hyphen, insert a hyphen when the term is used as an adjective, such as T-wave abnormality (Gilmore, 2009).

31. Define the following terms: • heart-lung machine • left coronary artery (LCA) • right coronary artery (RCA) • stent • blood vessels • sinus rhythm • pallor • atherectomy • angioplasty • percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

32. Answers to Define the following terms • A machine that provides circulation and oxygenates the blood while the heart is stopped during a coronary bypass procedure. • A major coronary artery in the heart. • A major coronary artery in the heart. • A mesh-like metal tube placed in an artery to keep it open. • A network of interconnecting arterial, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins which provide the pathway in which blood is transported between the heart and body cells.

33. Answers to Define the following terms (cont.) • A normal cardiac rhythm. • A paleness or decrease or absence of color in the skin. • A procedure in which a high-speed drill on the tip of a catheter is used to shave plaque from blocked arterial walls. • A procedure that opens narrowed arteries by using a catheter with a balloon on its tip; also referred to as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). • A procedure that opens narrowed arteries by using a catheter with a balloon on its tip; also referred to as angioplasty.

34. The End • Well that’s all for tonight! • Thanks for joining us. I hope you learned something to help you in your transcription career. • Don’t forget to complete all of your assignments each week and get them in on time! • See you next week! Same time—same place!