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Seismic Methods: Refraction

Seismic Methods: Refraction. (see also http://www.mines.edu/fs_home/tboyd/GP311/MODULES/SEIS/main.html)n. Seismic Waves. P. Body. S. Love. Surface. Rayleigh. Material. P wave Velocity (m/s). S wave Velocity (m/s). Air. 332. Water. 1400-1500. Petroleum. 1300-1400. Steel. 6100.

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Seismic Methods: Refraction

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  1. Seismic Methods: Refraction (see also http://www.mines.edu/fs_home/tboyd/GP311/MODULES/SEIS/main.html)n

  2. Seismic Waves P Body S Love Surface Rayleigh

  3. Material P wave Velocity (m/s) S wave Velocity (m/s) Air 332 Water 1400-1500 Petroleum 1300-1400 Steel 6100 3500 Concrete 3600 2000 Granite 5500-5900 2800-3000 Basalt 6400 3200 Sandstone 1400-4300 700-2800 Limestone 5900-6100 2800-3000 Sand (Unsaturated) 200-1000 80-400 Sand (Saturated) 800-2200 320-880 Clay 1000-2500 400-1000 Glacial Till (Saturated) 1500-2500 600-1000 Seismic Wave Speeds

  4. Reflection and Refraction sin f1 = sin f3 = Vp1 Vs1 sin f2 = sin f4 = Vs2 Vp2 p (ray parameter)

  5. Critical Refraction

  6. Seismic Refraction Waves passing from slow to fast medium

  7. 400 Reflection & Refraction 200 Refracted T, msec Reflected Direct 0

  8. Refraction Analysis (flat):Velocity estimation

  9. Depth from TT curve

  10. Structure from TT curve

  11. Refraction: One layer case

  12. Refraction: 3 layer case

  13. Engineering Quad 1/27/00 12 gauge source 1m geophone spacing, 1 m minimum offset

  14. Data from Treman (11/2/05)

  15. Seismic Raytracing(forward modeling) http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0716-02082003000100006&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en

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